1.
From the intestinal flora to the microbiome.
Sebastián Domingo, JJ, Sánchez Sánchez, C
Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas. 2018;(1):51-56
Abstract
In this article, the history of the microbiota is reviewed and the related concepts of the microbiota, microbiome, metagenome, pathobiont, dysbiosis, holobiont, phylotype and enterotype are defined. The most precise and current knowledge about the microbiota is presented and the metabolic, nutritional and immunomodulatory functions are reviewed. Some gastrointestinal diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with the intestinal microbiota, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease, among others, are briefly discussed. Finally, some prominent and promising data with regard to the fecal microbiota transplantation in certain digestive illness are discussed.
2.
Intestinal failure: A new era in clinical management.
Bines, JE
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2009;:S86-92
Abstract
Only 50 years ago intestinal failure was considered incompatible with life. Since then, developments in parenteral nutrition, and, more recently, small intestinal transplantation, have provided new therapeutic options with the potential to offer long-term survival with a good quality of life. Current medical and surgical strategies are aimed at enhancing intestinal adaptation, improving absorption to achieve nutritional independence, and minimizing the complications of parenteral nutrition therapy. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with intestinal failure, closely linked to a transplantation program to facilitate early referral, is recognized as a key factor in optimizing patient outcomes.