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Legacy of Plant Virology in Croatia-From Virus Identification to Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution, Genomics and Beyond.
Škorić, D, Černi, S, Ćurković-Perica, M, Ježić, M, Krajačić, M, Šeruga Musić, M
Viruses. 2021;(12)
Abstract
This paper showcases the development of plant virology in Croatia at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, from its beginning in the 1950s until today, more than 70 years later. The main achievements of the previous and current group members are highlighted according to various research topics and fields. Expectedly, some of those accomplishments remained within the field of plant virology, but others make part of a much-extended research spectrum exploring subviral pathogens, prokaryotic plant pathogens, fungi and their viruses, as well as their interactions within ecosystems. Thus, the legacy of plant virology in Croatia continues to contribute to the state of the art of microbiology far beyond virology. Research problems pertinent for directing the future research endeavors are also proposed in this review.
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2.
Göte Turesson's research legacy to Hereditas: from the ecotype concept in plants to the analysis of landraces' diversity in crops.
Ortiz, R
Hereditas. 2020;(1):44
Abstract
Hereditas began with articles on plants since its first issue in May 1920 (six out of eight) and continued with more original articles (43% of the total of this journal) on plants (of which 72% of those in plants were on crops) until today. In December 1922, the 140-page article The Genotypical Response of the Plant Species to the Habitat by evolutionary botanist Göte Turesson (Institute of Genetics, Lund University, Åkarp, Sweden) became available. This publication shows that plant phenology has a genetic basis and may ensue from local adaptation. As a result of this research involving various plant species, Turesson elaborated further in this article his term ecotype "as an ecological sub-unit to cover the product arising as a result of the genotypical response of an ecospecies to a particular habitat." Although plant articles included in Hereditas involved from its beginning, trait inheritance, mutants, linkage analysis, cytology or cytogenetics, and more recently gene mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci with the aid of DNA markers, among others, since the mid-1980s several publications refer to the population biology of plant landraces, which are locally grown cultivars that evolved over time by adapting to their natural and cultural environment (i.e., agriculture), and that may become isolated from other populations of the same crop. This article provides a briefing about research on plant science in the journal with emphasis on crops, summarizes the legacy to genetics of Göte Turesson, and highlights some landrace diversity research results and their potential for plant breeding.
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3.
A Career on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Memoirs of a Molecular Plant Pathologist.
Panopoulos, NJ
Annual review of phytopathology. 2017;:1-21
Abstract
This article recounts the experiences that shaped my career as a molecular plant pathologist. It focuses primarily on technical and conceptual developments in molecular phytobacteriology, shares some personal highlights and untold stories that impacted my professional development, and describes the early years of agricultural biotechnology. Writing this article required reflection on events occurring over several decades that were punctuated by a mid-career relocation across the Atlantic. I hope it will still be useful, informative, and enjoyable to read. An extended version of the abstract is provided in the Supplemental Materials , available online.
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4.
Homage to Professor Meinhart H. Zenk: Crowd accelerated research and innovation.
Heinz, N, Møller, BL
Phytochemistry. 2013;:20-8
Abstract
Professor Meinhart H. Zenk has had an enormous impact within the plant biochemistry area. Throughout his entire career he was able to identify and address key scientific issues within chemistry and plant secondary metabolism. Meinhart H. Zenk and his research associates have provided seminal scientific contributions within a multitude of research topics. A hallmark in Meinhart H. Zenk's research has been to rapidly introduce and apply new technologies and to initiate cross-disciplinary collaborations to provide groundbreaking new knowledge within research areas that at the time appeared highly complex and inaccessible to experimentation. He strived and managed to reach scientific excellence. In this way, he was an eminent key mentor within the plant biochemistry research community. Today, few single individuals possess so much knowledge. However, web-based social platforms enable fast and global distribution and sharing of information also including science related matters, unfortunately often prior to assessment of its correctness. Thus the demand of scientific mentoring that Meinhart H. Zenk offered the science community is as important as ever. In the honor of Meinhart H. Zenk, let us keep up that tradition and widen our engagement to encompass the new social media and benefit from the opportunities offered by crowd accelerated innovation.
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5.
Fast-forward genetics enabled by new sequencing technologies.
Schneeberger, K, Weigel, D
Trends in plant science. 2011;(5):282-8
Abstract
New sequencing technologies are dramatically accelerating progress in forward genetics, and the use of such methods for the rapid identification of mutant alleles will be soon routine in many laboratories. A straightforward extension will be the cloning of major-effect genetic variants in crop species. In the near future, it can be expected that mapping by sequencing will become a centerpiece in efforts to discover the genes responsible for quantitative trait loci. The largest impact, however, might come from the use of these strategies to extract genes from non-model, non-crop plants that exhibit heritable variation in important traits. Deployment of such genes to improve crops or engineer microbes that produce valuable compounds heralds a potential paradigm shift for plant biology.
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6.
The phenotypic expression of a genotype: bringing muddy boots and micropipettes together.
Hull, R
Annual review of phytopathology. 2008;:1-11
Abstract
Starting with the influences of having a father who was an agricultural plant pathologist, I sketch my career through university and research institute from field epidemiology, basic virus characterization to molecular biology. I note what I consider to be the highlights of my scientific career and the events that shaped the development of my thinking. These include secondment to teach in a university in Uganda, a sabbatical year in the University of California, Davis, where I became aware of the emerging DNA technology, studying the molecular biology of Cauliflower mosaic virus, rice tungro viruses, and Banana streak virus with the aim of developing diagnostics and approaches to control of viruses. Bringing these experiences together, I am now involved in facilitating the uptake of the application of biotechnology to crop improvement in developing countries. I conclude with some thoughts on opportunities for young plant pathologists over the next years of rapid change. As I am one of the few British scientists who have had the honor of writing such an article, I also note some of the vagaries of the British system.
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7.
10 years of Functional Foods in Europe.
Walter, P
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition. 2008;(6):253-60
Abstract
In 1999, the Scientific Concepts of Functional Foods in Europe: Consensus Document was published. In the last ten years the main emphasis of progress has been in the following areas: Functions of Food: It has become very clear that a large part of the known functions of vegetables, fruits and grains are not only due to the well known vitamins and minerals, but that a large variety of other non-nutritive biologically active compounds in these foods have also specific actions on human health. An increasing number of these food ingredients are now known. Claims relevant to Functional Foods: In a European Commission Concerted Action lead by ILSI Europe, the Assessment of Scientific Support for Claims on Foods (PASSCLAIM) led to criteria to assess the scientific evidence to support claims on foods. The relative strengths and limitations of types of scientific approaches and data that are relevant to different health and disease states as well as providing guidance on the interpretation of the criteria are also described. Legislation: The new European Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims made on Foods entered into force on January 19, 2007. The regulation sets out conditions for their use, establishes a system for their scientific evaluation, and will create European lists of authorised claims. This process will be the most important development for the acceptance of foods with special functions in Europe.
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8.
The molecular genetics of crop domestication.
Doebley, JF, Gaut, BS, Smith, BD
Cell. 2006;(7):1309-21
Abstract
Ten thousand years ago human societies around the globe began to transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. By 4000 years ago, ancient peoples had completed the domestication of all major crop species upon which human survival is dependent, including rice, wheat, and maize. Recent research has begun to reveal the genes responsible for this agricultural revolution. The list of genes to date tentatively suggests that diverse plant developmental pathways were the targets of Neolithic "genetic tinkering," and we are now closer to understanding how plant development was redirected to meet the needs of a hungry world.