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Gestational diabetes mellitus decreased umbilical cord blood polyunsaturated fatty acids: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Hai-Tao, Y, Zhi-Heng, G, Yi-Ru, C, Yue-Ting, L, Hai-Ying, Z, Ya-Juan, L, Lin, X
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. 2021;:102318
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is important for the development of the fetal brain, and the retina. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may influence maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism, in turn affecting fetal growth and development. In several studies, maternal and fetal PUFA metabolic differences have been reported between mothers with and without GDM, but not in other studies. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis (registration number: CRD42020220448) was to compare levels of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 and n-6 PUFA between mothers with and without GMD and their fetuses. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies on maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism, published until May 2021. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis depending on the analyzed tissues (plasma/serum, erythrocyte membrane, or placenta) and the expression modes of fatty acids (concentration or percentage). RESULTS We included 24 observational studies involving 4335 maternal datasets and 12 studies involving 1675 fetal datasets in the meta-analysis. Levels of AA, DHA, and n-6 and n-3 PUFA were lower in the cord blood of mothers with GDM than in controls (P < 0.05). Compared to that in controls, in erythrocyte membranes, the percentages of AA, DHA, and n-6 and n-3 PUFA in total fatty acid were lower in mothers with GDM (P < 0.05), but in plasma/serum, the percentages of AA, DHA, and n-6 PUFA in total fatty acid were higher in mothers with GDM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GDM appears to influence the transfer of PUFAs from mothers to fetuses. The percentage of PUFAs in maternal plasma/serum was higher, and that in erythrocyte membranes was lower in mothers with GDM compared to those with normal glucose tolerance.
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Cord blood zinc status effects on pregnancy outcomes and its relation with maternal serum zinc levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Akdas, S, Yazihan, N
World journal of pediatrics : WJP. 2020;(4):366-376
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal and cord blood zinc level and pregnancy outcomes remains uncertain. The present study aims to assess whether maternal blood zinc level represents cord blood zinc level correctly. METHODS In this meta-analysis, systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant available English articles which included mean and standard deviation values of cord blood zinc level up to April 2019. For the assessment of the relation between cord blood zinc level and pregnancy outcomes, the pooled standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used and 23 studies were analyzed. RESULTS Cumulative analysis showed that cord blood zinc level was found significantly decreased in pregnancies with complications compared with healthy pregnancy controls [REM: P = 0.0007, mean difference - 7.9 (- 12.48, - 3.31)]. For further analysis, maternal serum zinc level status was determined from same studies to compare with cord blood levels and subgroups were detected as "Preterm", "Preeclampsia", "Small for gestational age/Intrauterine growth restriction and Low birth weight". It was observed that cord blood zinc levels in subgroup analysis were also decreased and/or tend to be decreased compared to healthy pregnancies, except for preeclampsia subgroup. Also, a correlation was seen between cord blood and maternal blood zinc level status (R = 0.4365, 95% CI - 0.530, 0.756; P = 0.0351). CONCLUSION It was thought that cord blood zinc level might tend to decrease more than maternal serum zinc level in the pathological conditions during pregnancies.
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3.
Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and DNA Methylation in Newborns: An Epigenome-Wide Meta-Analysis.
Gruzieva, O, Xu, CJ, Yousefi, P, Relton, C, Merid, SK, Breton, CV, Gao, L, Volk, HE, Feinberg, JI, Ladd-Acosta, C, et al
Environmental health perspectives. 2019;(5):57012
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been associated with childhood respiratory disease and other adverse outcomes. Epigenetics is a suggested link between exposures and health outcomes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate associations between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) or [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and DNA methylation in newborns and children. METHODS We meta-analyzed associations between exposure to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) at maternal home addresses during pregnancy and newborn DNA methylation assessed by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip in nine European and American studies, with replication in 688 independent newborns and look-up analyses in 2,118 older children. We used two approaches, one focusing on single cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and another on differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We also related PM exposures to blood mRNA expression. RESULTS Six CpGs were significantly associated [false discovery rate (FDR) [Formula: see text]] with prenatal [Formula: see text] and 14 with [Formula: see text] exposure. Two of the [Formula: see text] CpGs mapped to FAM13A (cg00905156) and NOTCH4 (cg06849931) previously associated with lung function and asthma. Although these associations did not replicate in the smaller newborn sample, both CpGs were significant ([Formula: see text]) in 7- to 9-y-olds. For cg06849931, however, the direction of the association was inconsistent. Concurrent [Formula: see text] exposure was associated with a significantly higher NOTCH4 expression at age 16 y. We also identified several DMRs associated with either prenatal [Formula: see text] and or [Formula: see text] exposure, of which two [Formula: see text] DMRs, including H19 and MARCH11, replicated in newborns. CONCLUSIONS Several differentially methylated CpGs and DMRs associated with prenatal PM exposure were identified in newborns, with annotation to genes previously implicated in lung-related outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4522.
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Effect of season of birth on cord blood IgE and IgE at birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Susanto, NH, Vicendese, D, Salim, A, Lowe, AJ, Dharmage, SC, Tham, R, Lodge, C, Garden, F, Allen, K, Svanes, C, et al
Environmental research. 2017;:198-205
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cord blood IgE is important on the pathway to allergic disease. The association between season of birth and infant cord blood IgE is not well-established. Study findings differ on which birth season is associated with higher cord blood IgE risk and its magnitude. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on season of birth and cord blood IgE. METHODS We searched Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest Health databases, and reviewed reference lists of articles that met the inclusion criteria. All included studies measured IgE as a binary variable using various cut-off values. We performed multivariate-random-effects meta-analysis to handle an exposure with multiple categories of Season of Birth. RESULTS Our search identified 275 records and 10 had sufficient data to be included in a meta-analysis. Relative to summer, winter birth had the greatest odds of high IgE (≥ 0.1IU/ml), meta-analysis OR = 1.24 (95%CI: 1.01-1.52). A similar OR, was found for IgE ≥ 0.5 IU/ml, OR = 1.30 (95%CI: 0.99-1.71). CONCLUSIONS A winter season of birth was associated with statistically significant higher odds of elevated cord blood IgE at cut-off ≥ 0.1IU/ml but borderline at cut-off ≥ 0.5IU/ml. This winter effect is likely to be a marker for a range of other environmental exposures during specific stages of pregnancy, such as aeroallergen exposures, maternal infections and vitamin D levels. Further research is required to support our finding and to identify the exact mechanisms that lead to the winter season of birth effect on circulating IgE levels, as this may have implications for allergic disease prevention.
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5.
Adiponectin levels in circulation and breast milk and mRNA expression in adipose tissue of preeclampsia women.
Liu, Y, Zhu, L, Pan, Y, Sun, L, Chen, D, Li, X
Hypertension in pregnancy. 2012;(1):40-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physiological insulin resistance occurs in normal pregnancy and is exaggerated in women with preeclampsia (PE). Adiponectin is a hormone with insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Reports published on association between adiponectin levels and PE risk have been conflicting. This study sought to better determine the circulating adiponectin levels and its mRNA expression in adipose tissue in women with PE. METHODS This report includes a cross-sectional study at a Chinese clinical research center and meta-analysis. The cross-sectional study included normal pregnancy women (n = 28) and PE women (n = 20) who underwent cesarean operation. Adiponectin concentrations in maternal serum, cord blood, and colostrums were determined by ELISA. Adiponectin mRNA expression levels in adipose tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Meta-analysis was done on 13 studies, including 302 PE women and 385 normal pregnancy women. RESULTS In comparison with controls, PE women had higher serum adiponectin concentrations in maternal blood and breast milk, but lower adiponectin concentration in cord blood. Adiponectin mRNA expression in the subcutaneous (Sc) and omental adipose tissues (OM) did not differ between the two groups of women. Meta-analysis confirms that the circulating adiponectin levels were elevated in PE women (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PE women had a higher adiponectin concentration in the maternal blood as well as breast milk but lower adiponectin concentration in umbilical cord blood when compared to women with normal pregnancy. The elevated circulating adiponectin levels in PE women are probably because of a reduced degradation/elimination rather than an increased synthesis of this hormone.