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1.
Klotho gene polymorphisms are associated with healthy aging and longevity: Evidence from a meta-analysis.
Zhu, Z, Xia, W, Cui, Y, Zeng, F, Li, Y, Yang, Z, Hequn, C
Mechanisms of ageing and development. 2019;:33-40
Abstract
Klotho gene polymorphisms have been implicated in healthy aging, but inconsistences in findings from previous case-control studies have raised concerns regarding the associations between KLOTHO gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to aging-related diseases and longevity. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed. We assessed the associations between two polymorphisms (G-395 A/rs1207568 and F352 V/rs9536314) and five parameters (urolithiasis, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and longevity) by calculating pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. According to the pooled results, the G allele of the G-395 A polymorphism conferred a significantly higher risk of urolithiasis; G-395 A was related to the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease under allele, dominant, and recessive models. There was no significant association between the G-395 A polymorphism and cognitive impairment among the elderly. The F allele of the F352 V polymorphism protected against breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. Interestingly, based on the results of the subgroup analysis, the F352 V polymorphism was associated with the overall risk of neoplasms in BRCA1 mutation carriers but not in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Moreover, the F allele played a protective role in determining human longevity. In conclusion, Klotho G-395 A polymorphisms were associated with urolithiasis and cardiovascular disease but not with cognitive impairment. Additionally, Klotho F352 V polymorphisms were associated with cancers and longevity.
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A network-based meta-analysis for characterizing the genetic landscape of human aging.
Blankenburg, H, Pramstaller, PP, Domingues, FS
Biogerontology. 2018;(1):81-94
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Abstract
Great amounts of omics data are generated in aging research, but their diverse and partly complementary nature requires integrative analysis approaches for investigating aging processes and connections to age-related diseases. To establish a broader picture of the genetic and epigenetic landscape of human aging we performed a large-scale meta-analysis of 6600 human genes by combining 35 datasets that cover aging hallmarks, longevity, changes in DNA methylation and gene expression, and different age-related diseases. To identify biological relationships between aging-associated genes we incorporated them into a protein interaction network and characterized their network neighborhoods. In particular, we computed a comprehensive landscape of more than 1000 human aging clusters, network regions where genes are highly connected and where gene products commonly participate in similar processes. In addition to clusters that capture known aging processes such as nutrient-sensing and mTOR signaling, we present a number of clusters with a putative functional role in linking different aging processes as promising candidates for follow-up studies. To enable their detailed exploration, all datasets and aging clusters are made freely available via an interactive website ( https://gemex.eurac.edu/bioinf/age/ ).
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Review and meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with exceptional human longevity.
Revelas, M, Thalamuthu, A, Oldmeadow, C, Evans, TJ, Armstrong, NJ, Kwok, JB, Brodaty, H, Schofield, PR, Scott, RJ, Sachdev, PS, et al
Mechanisms of ageing and development. 2018;:24-34
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors contribute to exceptional longevity, with genetics playing a significant role. However, to date, genetic studies examining exceptional longevity have been inconclusive. This comprehensive review seeks to determine the genetic variants associated with exceptional longevity by undertaking meta-analyses. METHODS Meta-analyses of genetic polymorphisms previously associated with exceptional longevity (85+) were undertaken. For each variant, meta-analyses were performed if there were data from at least three independent studies available, including two unpublished additional cohorts. RESULTS Five polymorphisms, ACE rs4340, APOE ε2/3/4, FOXO3A rs2802292, KLOTHO KL-VS and IL6 rs1800795 were significantly associated with exceptional longevity, with the pooled effect sizes (odds ratios) ranging from 0.42 (APOE ε4) to 1.45 (FOXO3A males). CONCLUSION In general, the observed modest effect sizes of the significant variants suggest many genes of small influence play a role in exceptional longevity, which is consistent with results for other polygenic traits. Our results also suggest that genes related to cardiovascular health may be implicated in exceptional longevity. Future studies should examine the roles of gender and ethnicity and carefully consider study design, including the selection of appropriate controls.
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Genome-wide meta-analysis associates HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA and lifestyle factors with human longevity.
Joshi, PK, Pirastu, N, Kentistou, KA, Fischer, K, Hofer, E, Schraut, KE, Clark, DW, Nutile, T, Barnes, CLK, Timmers, PRHJ, et al
Nature communications. 2017;(1):910
Abstract
Genomic analysis of longevity offers the potential to illuminate the biology of human aging. Here, using genome-wide association meta-analysis of 606,059 parents' survival, we discover two regions associated with longevity (HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA). We also validate previous suggestions that APOE, CHRNA3/5, CDKN2A/B, SH2B3 and FOXO3A influence longevity. Next we show that giving up smoking, educational attainment, openness to new experience and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are most positively genetically correlated with lifespan while susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), cigarettes smoked per day, lung cancer, insulin resistance and body fat are most negatively correlated. We suggest that the effect of education on lifespan is principally mediated through smoking while the effect of obesity appears to act via CAD. Using instrumental variables, we suggest that an increase of one body mass index unit reduces lifespan by 7 months while 1 year of education adds 11 months to expected lifespan.Variability in human longevity is genetically influenced. Using genetic data of parental lifespan, the authors identify associations at HLA-DQA/DRB1 and LPA and find that genetic variants that increase educational attainment have a positive effect on lifespan whereas increasing BMI negatively affects lifespan.
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Association between the CETP polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, carotid atherosclerosis, longevity, and the efficacy of statin therapy.
Li, Q, Huang, P, He, QC, Lin, QZ, Wu, J, Yin, RX
Neurobiology of aging. 2014;(6):1513.e13-23
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to detect the association between the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), carotid atherosclerosis, longevity, and the efficacy of statin therapy. Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched. Thirty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis. There was no difference in the I405V, C629A, and Taq1B polymorphisms between AD and control groups. However, stratified analysis showed that AD group had higher B2B2 genotype frequency than control group in Asian populations with APOE4+ in Taq1B. I405V and Taq1B polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of carotid atherosclerosis and longevity. The efficacy of statin therapy was not associated with Taq1B polymorphism. In conclusion, there was no association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and the risk of AD, carotid atherosclerosis, longevity, and the efficacy of statin therapy in the pooled effects of overall population. However, the B2B2 genotype of Taq1B was associated with increased risk of AD in the Asian populations with APOE4+.
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of human longevity identifies a novel locus conferring survival beyond 90 years of age.
Deelen, J, Beekman, M, Uh, HW, Broer, L, Ayers, KL, Tan, Q, Kamatani, Y, Bennet, AM, Tamm, R, Trompet, S, et al
Human molecular genetics. 2014;(16):4420-32
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Abstract
The genetic contribution to the variation in human lifespan is ∼ 25%. Despite the large number of identified disease-susceptibility loci, it is not known which loci influence population mortality. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 7729 long-lived individuals of European descent (≥ 85 years) and 16 121 younger controls (<65 years) followed by replication in an additional set of 13 060 long-lived individuals and 61 156 controls. In addition, we performed a subset analysis in cases aged ≥ 90 years. We observed genome-wide significant association with longevity, as reflected by survival to ages beyond 90 years, at a novel locus, rs2149954, on chromosome 5q33.3 (OR = 1.10, P = 1.74 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed association of rs4420638 on chromosome 19q13.32 (OR = 0.72, P = 3.40 × 10(-36)), representing the TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 locus. In a prospective meta-analysis (n = 34 103), the minor allele of rs2149954 (T) on chromosome 5q33.3 associates with increased survival (HR = 0.95, P = 0.003). This allele has previously been reported to associate with low blood pressure in middle age. Interestingly, the minor allele (T) associates with decreased cardiovascular mortality risk, independent of blood pressure. We report on the first GWAS-identified longevity locus on chromosome 5q33.3 influencing survival in the general European population. The minor allele of this locus associates with low blood pressure in middle age, although the contribution of this allele to survival may be less dependent on blood pressure. Hence, the pleiotropic mechanisms by which this intragenic variation contributes to lifespan regulation have to be elucidated.
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Evolutionary conserved longevity genes and human cognitive abilities in elderly cohorts.
Lopez, LM, Harris, SE, Luciano, M, Liewald, D, Davies, G, Gow, AJ, Tenesa, A, Payton, A, Ke, X, Whalley, LJ, et al
European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 2012;(3):341-7
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Abstract
Genetic influences have an important role in the ageing process. The genetic factors that influence success in bodily ageing may also contribute to the successful ageing of cognitive abilities. A comparative genomics approach found longevity genes conserved between yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We hypothesised that these longevity genes influence variance in cognitive ability and age-related cognitive decline in humans. Here, we investigated six of these genes that have human orthologs and show expression in the brain. We tested AFG3L2 (MIM: 604581, AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (yeast)), FRAP1 (MIM: 601231, a FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein), MAT1A, MAT2A (MIM: 610550 and 601468, methionine adenosyltransferases I alpha and II alpha, respectively), SYNJ1 and SYNJ2 (MIM: 604297 and 609410, synaptojanin-1 and synaptojanin-2, respectively) in approximately 1000 healthy older Scots: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936). They were tested on general cognitive ability at age 11 years. At a mean age of 70 years, they re-sat the same general cognitive ability test and underwent an additional battery of diverse cognitive tests. In all, 70 tag and functional SNPs in the six longevity genes were genotyped and tested for association with cognition and cognitive ageing in LBC1936. Suggestive associations were detected between SNPs in SYNJ2, MAT1A, AFG3L2 and SYNJ1 and a general memory factor and general cognitive ability at age 11 and 70 years. Replication studies for cognitive ability associations were performed in 2506 samples from the Cognitive Ageing Genetics in England and Scotland consortium. A meta-analysis replicated the SYNJ2 association with cognitive abilities (lowest P=0.00077). SYNJ2 is a novel gene in which variation is potentially associated with cognitive abilities.
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No or only population-specific effect of PON1 on human longevity: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
Caliebe, A, Kleindorp, R, Blanché, H, Christiansen, L, Puca, AA, Rea, IM, Slagboom, E, Flachsbart, F, Christensen, K, Rimbach, G, et al
Ageing research reviews. 2010;(3):238-44
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been suggested as a plausible candidate gene for human longevity due to its modulation of cardiovascular disease risk, by preventing oxidation of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. The role of the PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism has been analyzed for association with survival at old age in several populations, albeit with controversial results. To reconcile the conflicting evidence, we performed a large association study with two samples of 2357 Germans and 1025 French, respectively. We combined our results with those from seven previous studies in the largest and most comprehensive meta-analysis on PON1 192 Q/R and longevity to-date, to include a total of 9580 individuals. No significant association of PON1 192 Q/R with longevity was observed, for either R allele or carriership. This finding relied on very large sample sizes, is supported by different analysis methods and is therefore considered very robust. Moreover, we have investigated a potential interaction of PON1 192 Q/R with APOE epsilon4 using data from four populations. Whereas a significant result was found in the German sample, this could not be confirmed in the other examined groups. Our large-scale meta-analysis provided no evidence that the PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism is associated with longevity, but this does not exclude the possibility of population-specific effects due to the influence of, and interaction between, different genetic and/or environmental factors (e.g. diet).