1.
Is diet associated with physical capacity and fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis? -Results from a pilot study.
Albrechtsen, MT, Langeskov-Christensen, M, Jørgensen, MLK, Dalgas, U, Hansen, M
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2020;:101921
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet may have immunomodulatory effects in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and studies suggest that diet may be considered a complementary treatment to control the progression of the disease. The role of nutrition in MS and related symptoms have been reported by several studies but remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between dietary intake and physical capacity and fatigue in PwMS. METHODS An explorative cross-sectional pilot study was conducted, in which 23 ambulatory PwMS were enrolled. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-day food record. Outcome variables included a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), a VO2max test, and self-reported questionnaires assessing fatigue severity (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS) and impact (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, MFIS). Associations between variables were determined using simple and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS In the simple but not the multiple (adjusted for sex and age) regression analyses the carbohydrate intake (% of total energy intake) was positively associated with physical capacity (i.e. the 6MWT and VO2max test), whereas fat intake (% of total energy intake) was inversely associated with physical capacity. In the multiple regression analyses the absolute intake of ω-3 and vitamin D showed trends towards a positive association with the MFIS physical subscale and VO2max, respectively. CONCLUSION Although not consistent across analyses, these findings suggest that better physical capacity most often is associated with a diet rich in carbohydrates and reduced fat content. Further research and randomized controlled trials are required to fully assess the role and the efficacy of diet quality and content on physical capacity in PwMS.
2.
Effects of the Active Smarter Kids (ASK) physical activity intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in children: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Stavnsbo, M, Aadland, E, Anderssen, SA, Chinapaw, M, Steene-Johannessen, J, Andersen, LB, Resaland, GK
Preventive medicine. 2020;:105868
Abstract
The onset of cardiometabolic diseases are recognized to occur in childhood. We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial of physical activity (PA) on single and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors. We included 1129 fifth-grade children from 57 schools (≥seven children in each class) in Sogn and Fjordane County, Norway, randomized to 28 intervention schools and 29 control schools. The PA intervention was conducted between November 2014 and June 2015. Cardiometabolic risk factors were waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC):high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-ratio, triglycerides (TG), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-score, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). PA was measured by accelerometry. No significant intervention effects were found for single or clustered cardiometabolic risk factors. However, in children with the less favorable baseline values, beneficial effects were found for SBP (p = 0.07 for group ∗ tertile interaction), TC:HDL ratio (p = 0.03 for group ∗ tertile interaction) and the clustered cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.01 for group ∗ tertile interaction). Compared to boys, girls had a greater effect of the intervention on WC (p = 0.03 for group ∗ sex interaction) and CRF (p < 0.001 for group ∗ sex interaction). The majority of the children had high PA levels, thus limited potential for change, and we found no effects of the PA intervention on cardiometabolic risk in the total sample. However, the intervention had a significantly enhanced effect on fatness and fitness of girls compared to boys. Furthermore, the data suggest that children with the least favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and therefore most in need of change can benefit from school-based PA interventions. Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov ID no.: NCT02132494.
3.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Suppresses Age-Related Arterial Stiffening in Healthy Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Observational Study.
Gando, Y, Murakami, H, Kawakami, R, Yamamoto, K, Kawano, H, Tanaka, N, Sawada, SS, Miyatake, N, Miyachi, M
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 2016;(4):292-8
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively associated with arterial stiffness, although it is unclear whether it is associated with prospective arterial stiffness changes. The authors examined cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness progression in a 2-year follow-up study of 470 healthy men and women aged 26 to 69 years. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) was measured at baseline using a graded cycle exercise test. Arterial stiffness was assessed using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at baseline and after 2 years. Two-year changes in baPWV were significantly higher in patients in the lowest V˙O2peak tertile (28.8±7.6 cm/s) compared with those in the highest V˙O2peak tertile (-1.4±7.5 cm/s) (P=.024) and were inversely correlated with V˙O2peak (r=-.112, P=.015). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age, glucose, baPWV, V˙O2peak, and sex were independent correlates of 2-year changes in baPWV, suggesting that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with age-related arterial stiffening suppression.