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Short-Term Effects of an Obesity Prevention Program Among Low-Income Hispanic Families With Preschoolers.
Hughes, SO, Power, TG, Beck, A, Betz, D, Goodell, LS, Hopwood, V, Jaramillo, JA, Lanigan, J, Martinez, AD, Micheli, N, et al
Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2020;(3):224-239
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the short-term effects of an obesity prevention program promoting eating self-regulation and healthy food preferences in low-income Hispanic children. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with pretest, posttest, and 6- and 12-month assessments. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Head Start and similar early learning institutions in Houston, TX, and Pasco, WA. A total of 255 families with preschoolers randomized into prevention (n = 136) and control (n = 119) groups. INTERVENTION Multicomponent family-based prevention program. Fourteen waves lasted 7 weeks each with 8-10 mother-child dyads in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parent assessments included feeding practices, styles, and knowledge. Child assessments included child eating self-regulation, willingness to try new foods, and parent report of child fruit and vegetable preferences. Parent and child heights and weights were measured. ANALYSIS Multilevel analyses were employed to consider the nested nature of the data: time points within families within waves. RESULTS The program had predicted effects on parental feeding practices, styles, and knowledge in the pre- to post-comparisons. Effects on child eating behavior were minimal; only the number of different vegetables tried showed significant pre-post differences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Short-term effects of this prevention program highlight the importance of family-focused feeding approaches to combating child overweight and obesity.
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Apolipoprotein E genotypes among diverse middle-aged and older Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results (HCHS/SOL).
González, HM, Tarraf, W, Jian, X, Vásquez, PM, Kaplan, R, Thyagarajan, B, Daviglus, M, Lamar, M, Gallo, LC, Zeng, D, et al
Scientific reports. 2018;(1):17578
Abstract
The apoE4 isoform is associated with increased cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, and Alzheimer's Disease risk, however, its distribution is not well-understood among US Latinos. Latinos living in the US are highly Amerindian, European and African admixed, which varies by region and country of origin. However, Latino genetic diversity is understudied and consequently poorly understood, which has significant implications for understanding disease risk in nearly one-fifth of the US population. In this report we describe apoE distributions in a large and representative sample of diverse, genetically determined US Latinos.
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Influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the phenotypic expression of primary Sjögren's syndrome at diagnosis in 8310 patients: a cross-sectional study from the Big Data Sjögren Project Consortium.
Brito-Zerón, P, Acar-Denizli, N, Zeher, M, Rasmussen, A, Seror, R, Theander, E, Li, X, Baldini, C, Gottenberg, JE, Danda, D, et al
Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2017;(6):1042-1050
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the clinical presentation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) at diagnosis. METHODS The Big Data Sjögren Project Consortium is an international, multicentre registry designed in 2014. By January 2016, 20 centres from five continents were participating. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS We included 7748 women (93%) and 562 men (7%), with a mean age at diagnosis of primary SjS of 53 years. Ethnicity data were available for 7884 patients (95%): 6174 patients (78%) were white, 1066 patients (14%) were Asian, 393 patients (5%) were Hispanic, 104 patients (1%) were black/African-American and 147 patients (2%) were of other ethnicities. SjS was diagnosed a mean of 7 years earlier in black/African-American compared with white patients; the female-to-male ratio was highest in Asian patients (27:1) and lowest in black/African-American patients (7:1); the prevalence of sicca symptoms was lowest in Asian patients; a higher frequency of positive salivary biopsy was found in Hispanic and white patients. A north-south gradient was found with respect to a lower frequency of ocular involvement in northern countries for dry eyes and abnormal ocular tests in Europe (OR 0.46 and 0.44, respectively) and Asia (OR 0.18 and 0.49, respectively) compared with southern countries. Higher frequencies of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were reported in northern countries in America (OR=1.48) and Asia (OR=3.80) while, in Europe, northern countries had lowest frequencies of ANAs (OR=0.67) and Ro/La (OR=0.69). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of a strong influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the phenotype of primary SjS at diagnosis.
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Predictors of long-term weight loss in adults with modest initial weight loss, by sex and race.
Svetkey, LP, Ard, JD, Stevens, VJ, Loria, CM, Young, DY, Hollis, JF, Appel, LJ, Brantley, PJ, Kennedy, BM, Kumanyika, SK, et al
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2012;(9):1820-8
Abstract
Effective weight management interventions could reduce race-sex disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about factors associated with successful weight loss maintenance in race-sex subgroups. In the Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM), overweight/obese (BMI 25-45 kg/m(2)) adults who lost ≥4 kg in a 6-month behavioral weight loss intervention (phase I) were randomized into one of three 30-month maintenance interventions (phase II). To investigate predictors in subgroups, randomized groups were combined for this analysis. Of 1,685 phase I participants, 1,032 (61%) entered phase II, including 12% black men (BM), 26% black women (BW), 25% white men (WM), and 37% white women (WW). Weight change over the 36-month study ranged from -2.3% (95% confidence interval = -3.1 to -1.5%) in BW to -4.5% (95% confidence interval = -5.7 to -4.0%) in WM, the result of differential weight loss during phase I. Within race, men lost significantly more weight than women, but within sex group, weight loss did not differ significantly between races. Although participants regained weight during phase II, regain did not differ by race-sex group, and mean weight at the end of the study was significantly lower than phase I entry weight for each subgroup. In regression models, phase I weight loss predicted overall 36-month weight loss in all race-sex groups. Healthy dietary pattern at entry, improvement in dietary pattern, or both were predictive in three of four race-sex groups. Few other variables other than initial weight loss and dietary pattern were predictive. Future research should identify additional modifiable influences on long-term maintenance after a modest weight loss.
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Can language-concordant prevention care managers improve cancer screening rates?
Beach, ML, Flood, AB, Robinson, CM, Cassells, AN, Tobin, JN, Greene, MA, Dietrich, AJ
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2007;(10):2058-64
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that non-English speakers in the United States receive lower quality health care and preventive services than English speakers. We tested the hypothesis that Spanish-speaking women would respond differently to an intervention to increase up-to-date status for cancer screening. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A multisite randomized controlled trial showed that scripted telephone support, provided by a Prevention Care Manager (PCM), increased up-to-date rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. This subgroup analysis investigated the relative efficacy of the PCM among women who chose to communicate with the PCM in Spanish versus English. RESULTS Of 1,346 women in this analysis, 63% were Spanish speakers. Whereas the PCM intervention increased cancer screening rates generally, Spanish-speaking women seemed to benefit disproportionately more than English-speaking women for cervical cancer screening (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.05). In addition, in this exploratory analysis, there was a trend toward Spanish-speaking women receiving more benefit than English-speaking women from the intervention in increased breast and colorectal cancer screening rates. CONCLUSION Spanish-speaking women seemed to benefit more than did English-speaking women from a bilingual telephone support intervention aimed at increasing cancer screening rates.
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Outcomes for Latin American versus White patients suffering from acute mania in a randomized, double-blind trial comparing olanzapine and haloperidol.
Tamayo, JM, Mazzotti, G, Tohen, M, Gattaz, WF, Zapata, R, Castillo, JJ, Fahrer, RD, González-Pinto, AM, Vieta, E, Azorin, JM, et al
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2007;(2):126-34
Abstract
Data from a published double-blind randomized trial comparing olanzapine versus haloperidol in acute mania were used to address the response and tolerability of Latin American patients. Primary efficacy end point was the remission rate (Young Mania Rating Scale score