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Allergic sensitisation in infants younger than one year of age.
Skjerven, HO, Hunderi, JOG, Carlsen, KH, Rolfsjord, LB, Nordhagen, L, Berents, TL, Bains, KES, Buchmann, M, Carlsen, KCL
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2020;(2):203-206
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Serum milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Shimagaki, T, Yoshio, S, Kawai, H, Sakamoto, Y, Doi, H, Matsuda, M, Mori, T, Osawa, Y, Fukai, M, Yoshida, T, et al
Scientific reports. 2019;(1):15788
Abstract
Current serum hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers are insufficient for early diagnosis. We aimed to clarify whether serum MFG-E8 can serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of HCC. Serum MFG-E8 levels of 282 HCC patients, who underwent primary hepatectomy, were examined by ELISA. We also quantified serum MFG-E8 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), as well as in healthy volunteers (HVs). Serum MFG-E8 levels were significantly lower in HCC patients than in HVs regardless of the etiology of liver disease (3.6 ± 0.1 vs 5.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), and recovered after treatment of HCC. Serum MFG-E8 levels in CH and LC patients were comparable to those in HVs. Serum MFG-E8 could detect HCCs, even α-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative or des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)-negative HCCs, in CH and LC patients. Our new HCC prediction model using MFG-E8 and DCP (Logit(p) = 2.619 - 0.809 × serum MFG-E8 + 0.0226 × serum DCP) distinguished HCC patients from CH and LC patients with an area under the curve of 0.923, a sensitivity of 81.1%, and a specificity of 89.8%. Futhermore, low preoperative serum MFG-E8 was an independent predictor of poor overall survival. Thus, serum MFG-E8 could serve as a feasible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Protein-enriched, milk-based supplement to counteract sarcopenia in acutely ill geriatric patients offered resistance exercise training during and after hospitalisation: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial.
Gade, J, Beck, AM, Bitz, C, Christensen, B, Klausen, TW, Vinther, A, Astrup, A
BMJ open. 2018;(2):e019210
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, sarcopaenia, burdens many older adults. The process is accelerated with bed rest, protein intakes below requirements and the catabolic effect of certain illnesses. Thus, acutely ill, hospitalised older adults are particularly vulnerable. Protein supplementation can preserve muscle mass and/or strength and, combining this with resistance exercise training (RT), may have additional benefits. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of protein supplementation as an addition to offering RT among older adults while admitted to the geriatric ward and after discharge. This has not previously been investigated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a block-randomised, double-blind, multicentre intervention study, 165 older adults above 70 years, fulfilling the eligibility criteria, will be included consecutively from three medical departments (blocks of n=20, stratified by recruitment site). After inclusion, participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either ready-to-drink, protein-enriched, milk-based supplements (a total of 27.5 g whey protein/day) or isoenergetic placebo products (<1.5 g protein/day), twice daily as a supplement to their habitual diet. Both groups will be offered a standardised RT programme for lower extremity muscle strength (daily while hospitalised and 4×/week after discharge). The study period starts during their hospital stay and continues 12 weeks after discharge. The primary endpoint is lower extremity muscle strength and function (30 s chair-stand-test). Secondary endpoints include muscle mass, measures of physical function and measures related to cost-effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval is given by the Research Ethic Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (reference no. H-16018240) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (reference no. HGH-2016-050). There are no expected risks associated with participation, and each participant is expected to benefit from the RT. Results will be published in peer-reviewed international journals and presented at national and international congresses and symposiums. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02717819 (9 March 2016).
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The Effect of a Whey Protein Supplement on Bone Mass in Older Caucasian Adults.
Kerstetter, JE, Bihuniak, JD, Brindisi, J, Sullivan, RR, Mangano, KM, Larocque, S, Kotler, BM, Simpson, CA, Cusano, AM, Gaffney-Stomberg, E, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2015;(6):2214-22
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Abstract
CONTEXT It has been assumed that the increase in urine calcium (Ca) that accompanies an increase in dietary protein was due to increased bone resorption. However, studies using stable Ca isotopes have found that dietary protein increases Ca absorption without increasing bone resorption. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of a moderately high protein diet on bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of protein supplementation daily for 18 months. SETTING The study was conducted at two institutional research centers. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred eight older women and men with a body mass index between 19 and 32 kg/m(2) and a self-reported protein intake between 0.6 and 1.0 g/kg participated in the study. INTERVENTION Subjects were asked to incorporate either a 45-g whey protein or isocaloric maltodextrin supplement into their usual diet for 18 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, body composition, and markers of skeletal and mineral metabolism were measured at baseline and at 9 and 18 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups for changes in L-spine BMD (primary outcome) or the other skeletal sites of interest. Truncal lean mass was significantly higher in the protein group at 18 months (P = .048). C-terminal telopeptide (P = .0414), IGF-1 (P = .0054), and urinary urea (P < .001) were also higher in the protein group at the end of the study period. There was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 18 months. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that protein supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) may preserve fat-free mass without adversely affecting skeletal health or renal function in healthy older adults.
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Effects of nutritional supplementation for HIV patients starting antiretroviral treatment: randomised controlled trial in Ethiopia.
Olsen, MF, Abdissa, A, Kæstel, P, Tesfaye, M, Yilma, D, Girma, T, Wells, JC, Ritz, C, Mølgaard, C, Michaelsen, KF, et al
BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2014;:g3187
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of lipid based nutritional supplements with either whey or soy protein in patients with HIV during the first three months of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and to explore effects of timing by comparing supplementation at the start of ART and after three months delay. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Three public ART facilities in Jimma, Oromia region, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS Adults with HIV eligible for ART with body mass index (BMI) >16. INTERVENTION Daily supplementation with 200 g (4600 kJ) of supplement containing whey or soy during either the first three or the subsequent three months of ART. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: lean body mass assessed with deuterium dilution, grip strength measured with dynamometers, and physical activity measured with accelerometer and heart rate monitors. Secondary: viral load and CD4 counts. Auxiliary: weight and CD3 and CD8 counts. RESULTS Of 318 patients enrolled, 210 (66%) were women, mean age was 33 (SD 9), and mean BMI was 19.5 (SD 2.4). At three months, participants receiving the supplements containing whey or soy had increased their lean body mass by 0.85 kg (95% confidence interval 0.16 kg to 1.53 kg) and 0.97 kg (0.29 kg to 1.64 kg), respectively, more than controls. This was accompanied by an increased gain of grip strength of 0.68 kg (-0.11 kg to 1.46 kg) for the whey supplement group and 0.93 kg (0.16 kg to 1.70 kg) for the soy supplement group. There were no effects on physical activity. Total weight gain increased by 2.05 kg (1.12 kg to 2.99 kg) and 2.06 kg (1.14 kg to 2.97 kg) for the whey and soy groups, respectively. In addition, in the whey supplement group overall CD3 counts improved by 150 cells/µL (24 to 275 cells/µL), of which 112 cells/µL (15 to 209 cells/µL) were CD8 and 25 cells/µL (-2 to 53 cells/µL) were CD4. Effects of the soy containing supplement on immune recovery were not significant. The effects of the two supplements, however, were not significantly different in direct comparison. Exploratory analysis showed that relatively more lean body mass was gained by patients with undetectable viral load at three months. Patients receiving delayed supplementation had higher weight gain but lower gains in functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Lipid based nutritional supplements improved gain of weight, lean body mass, and grip strength in patients with HIV starting ART. Supplements containing whey were associated with improved immune recovery. Trial registration Controlled-trials.com ISRCTN32453477.
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Associations of IGF-1 gene variants and milk protein intake with IGF-I concentrations in infants at age 6 months - results from a randomized clinical trial.
Rzehak, P, Grote, V, Lattka, E, Weber, M, Gruszfeld, D, Socha, P, Closa-Monasterolo, R, Escribano, J, Giovannini, M, Verduci, E, et al
Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. 2013;(5):149-58
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interplay of genetic and nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I axis in children is unclear. Therefore, potential gene-nutrient effects on serum levels of the IGF-I axis in a formula feeding trial were studied. DESIGN European multicenter randomized clinical trial of 1090 term, formula-fed infants assigned to receive cow's milk-based infant and follow-on formulae with lower (LP: 1.25 and 1.6 g/100 mL) or higher (HP: 2.05 and 3.2 g/100 mL) protein contents for the first 12 months of life; a comparison group of 588 breastfed infants (BF) was included. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IGF-1-(rs6214, rs1520220, rs978458, rs7136446, rs10735380, rs2195239, rs35767, and rs35766) and two of the IGFBP-3-(rs1496495, rs6670) gene were analyzed. Serum levels of total and free IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and the molar ratio IGF-1/IGFBP-3 at age 6 months were regressed on determined SNPs and feeding groups in 501 infants. RESULTS IGF-1-SNPs rs1520220, rs978458, and rs2195239 significantly increased total-IGF-I and molar-ratio IGF-I/IGFBP-3 by ~1.3 ng/mL and ~1.3 per allele, respectively; compared to LP infants concentration and molar-ratio were increased in HP by ~1.3 ng/mL and ~1.3 and decreased in BF infants by ~0.6 ng/mL and ~0.6, respectively. IGFBP-3 was only affected by the BF group with ~450 ng/mL lower levels than the LP group. No gene-feeding-group interaction was detected for any SNP, even without correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Variants of the IGF-1-gene play an important role in regulating serum levels of the IGF-I axis but there is no gene-protein-interaction. The predominant nutritional regulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 gives further evidence that higher protein intake contributes to metabolic programming of growth.