-
1.
The effects of preoperative alcohol, tobacco, and psychological stress on postoperative complications: a prospective observational study.
Myoga, Y, Manabe, H, Osaki, Y
BMC anesthesiology. 2021;(1):245
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative complications occur frequently, despite progress in anesthetic pharmacology and surgical techniques. Although habits, such as alcohol and tobacco use, and mental health have been studied individually as modifying factors, few studies have examined the relationship between multiple lifestyle choices and postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the associations between unhealthy lifestyle choices and postoperative complications. METHODS We included 730 patients who underwent surgery in our department between March 2015 and April 2016. Participants completed preoperative questionnaires, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and tests for psychological stress (6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Multivariable logistic analysis was used to analyze the association of preoperative drug dependence and psychological stress with postoperative complications. RESULTS Of the 721 cases analyzed, 461 (64%) were women. The median age of patients was 62 years (interquartile range: 48-71). At the time of surgical decision-making, 429 out of 710 respondents (60%) had a drinking habit, and 144 out of 693 respondents (21%) had a smoking habit during the preceding year. Seventy-nine patients had developed complications. Multivariable analysis revealed that old age (p = 0.020), psychological stress (p = 0.041), and longer anesthesia time (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with postoperative complications. Drinking or smoking variables were not associated with postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative psychological stress, as evaluated with the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, is associated with the risk of postoperative complications.
-
2.
Significant Impact of Coffee Consumption on MR-Based Measures of Cardiac Function in a Population-Based Cohort Study without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease.
Beller, E, Lorbeer, R, Keeser, D, Galiè, F, Meinel, FG, Grosu, S, Bamberg, F, Storz, C, Schlett, CL, Peters, A, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Subclinical effects of coffee consumption (CC) with regard to metabolic, cardiac, and neurological complications were evaluated using a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. A blended approach was used to estimate habitual CC in a population-based study cohort without a history of cardiovascular disease. Associations of CC with MRI markers of gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microhemorrhages, total and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), hepatic proton density fat fraction, early/late diastolic filling rate, end-diastolic/-systolic and stroke volume, ejection fraction, peak ejection rate, and myocardial mass were evaluated by linear regression. In our analysis with 132 women and 168 men, CC was positively associated with MR-based cardiac function parameters including late diastolic filling rate, stroke volume (p < 0.01 each), and ejection fraction (p < 0.05) when adjusting for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, and alcohol consumption. CC was inversely associated with VAT independent of demographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.05), but this association did not remain significant after additional adjustment for alcohol consumption. CC was not significantly associated with potential neurodegeneration. We found a significant positive and independent association between CC and MRI-based systolic and diastolic cardiac function. CC was also inversely associated with VAT but not independent of alcohol consumption.
-
3.
Plasma glucocorticogenic activity, race/ethnicity and alcohol intake among San Francisco Bay Area women.
Tachachartvanich, P, Sanchez, SS, Gomez, SL, John, EM, Smith, MT, Fejerman, L
PloS one. 2020;(6):e0233904
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minorities are at higher risk for a variety of diseases. While sociodemographic and lifestyle factors contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities, the biological processes underlying these associations remain poorly understood. Stress and its biological consequences through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been hypothesized to mediate adverse disease outcomes. In fasting morning samples of 503 control women from the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study, we used a sensitive Chemical-Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX) assay to examine the association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with plasma glucocorticogenic (G) activity in three racial/ethnic groups. The G activity is a sensitive measure that reflects biological activity of total plasma glucocorticoids including cortisol and glucocorticoid-like compounds. Associations between G activity and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Latina and non-Latina Black (NLB) women had 9% (P = 0.053) and 14% (P = 0.008) lower morning G activity than non-Latina White (NLW) women, respectively. Additionally, we replicated a previously reported association between G activity and alcohol intake (women who drank >10gms had 19% higher G activity than non-drinkers, P = 0.004) in Latina and NLB women. Further research should assess the association between G activity and health outcomes in a prospective cohort so as to characterize the relationship between total plasma G activity in pre-disease state and disease outcomes across different racial/ethnic populations.
-
4.
Frequency of alcohol drinking modifies the association between salt intake and albuminuria: a 1-year observational study.
Yoshimura, R, Yamamoto, R, Shinzawa, M, Tomi, R, Ozaki, S, Fujii, Y, Ito, T, Tanabe, K, Moriguchi, Y, Isaka, Y, et al
Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. 2020;(11):1249-1256
Abstract
Albuminuria is an important risk factor for end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality. This 1-year observational study aimed to assess the effect modification of alcohol drinking on the association between salt intake and albuminuria. Overall, 448 employees at a pharmaceutical company in Japan who underwent annual health checkups in both 2017 and 2018 were evaluated. The main exposure of interest was drinking frequency at their first checkups categorized as rarely, occasionally, and daily. To assess the association between the changes in salt intake and albuminuria, the differences in salt intake estimated from single-spot urine specimens and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between 2017 and 2018 were calculated for each subject. A multivariable-adjusted linear regression model showed a significant association between ∆salt intake and ∆Log UACR (per 1 g/day of ∆salt intake, adjusted ß 0.16 [95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.19]) and an effect modification between drinking frequency and ∆salt intake (P for interaction = 0.088). The association between ∆salt intake and ∆Log UACR was enhanced by drinking frequency in a dose-dependent manner (per 1 g/day of ∆salt intake, adjusted ß 0.13 [0.06, 0.19], 0.16 [0.12, 0.20], and 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] in rare, occasional, and daily drinkers, respectively). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that salt-induced albuminuria was enhanced in subjects with higher drinking frequency, suggesting that salt restriction may have a stronger renoprotective effect in subjects with higher drinking frequency.
-
5.
Impact of Alcohol and Coffee Intake on the Risk of Advanced Liver Fibrosis: A Longitudinal Analysis in HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients (ANRS HEPAVIH CO-13 Cohort).
Yaya, I, Marcellin, F, Costa, M, Morlat, P, Protopopescu, C, Pialoux, G, Santos, ME, Wittkop, L, Esterle, L, Gervais, A, et al
Nutrients. 2018;(6)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee intake has been shown to modulate both the effect of ethanol on serum GGT activities in some alcohol consumers and the risk of alcoholic cirrhosis in some patients with chronic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the impact of coffee intake and alcohol consumption on advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. METHODS ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH is a French, nationwide, multicenter cohort of HIV-HCV-co-infected patients. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical data including alcohol and coffee consumption were prospectively collected using annual self-administered questionnaires during five years of follow-up. Mixed logistic regression models were performed, relating coffee intake and alcohol consumption to ALF. RESULTS 1019 patients were included. At the last available visit, 5.8% reported high-risk alcohol consumption, 27.4% reported high coffee intake and 14.5% had ALF. Compared with patients with low coffee intake and high-risk alcohol consumption, patients with low coffee intake and low-risk alcohol consumption had a lower risk of ALF (aOR (95% CI) 0.24 (0.12–0.50)). In addition, patients with high coffee intake had a lower risk of ALF than the reference group (0.14 (0.03–0.64) in high-risk alcohol drinkers and 0.11 (0.05–0.25) in low-risk alcohol drinkers). CONCLUSIONS High coffee intake was associated with a low risk of liver fibrosis even in HIV-HCV co-infected patients with high-risk alcohol consumption.
-
6.
Alcohol and oestrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
Playdon, MC, Coburn, SB, Moore, SC, Brinton, LA, Wentzensen, N, Anderson, G, Wallace, R, Falk, RT, Pfeiffer, R, Xu, X, et al
British journal of cancer. 2018;(3):448-457
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers. Potential mechanisms include altered oestrogen metabolism. Parent oestrogens metabolise into alternate pathways of oestrogen metabolites that may have variable effects on cancer pathogenesis. We examined associations of alcohol consumption with circulating oestrogen/oestrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI)-Observational Study (OS). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of prediagnosis ovarian/endometrial cancer case-control data within WHI-OS (N=1864). Alcohol consumption was measured by validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting serum parent oestrogens/oestrogen metabolites were assayed using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Geometric mean analyte concentrations (GM, pmol l-1) were calculated by alcohol category using inverse-probability weighted linear regression, adjusting for venepuncture age/year, race, smoking, body mass index, years since menopause, oral contraceptive duration, caffeine intake, and physical activity. RESULTS There was evidence for a positive association between alcohol consumption and oestrone, oestradiol and 2-hydroxylation oestrogen metabolite concentrations among menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) users. We observed an association between liquor consumption and parent oestrogens among non-MHT users, who consumed larger doses of liquor than MHT users. CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women, the association between alcohol intake and parent oestrogen, but not oestrogen metabolite concentrations, may be influenced by MHT and type of alcohol.
-
7.
Favorable lifestyle before diagnosis associated with lower risk of screen-detected advanced colorectal neoplasia.
Knudsen, MD, de Lange, T, Botteri, E, Nguyen, DH, Evensen, H, Steen, CB, Hoff, G, Bernklev, T, Hjartåker, A, Berstad, P
World journal of gastroenterology. 2016;(27):6276-86
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between adherence to health recommendations and detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. METHODS A total of 14832 women and men were invited to CRC screening, 6959 in the fecal immunochemical test arm and 7873 in the flexible sigmoidoscopy arm. These were also sent a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire to be completed prior to their first CRC screening. A lifestyle score was created to reflect current adherence to healthy behaviors in regard to smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption and food consumption, and ranged from zero (poorest) to six (best). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between the single lifestyle variables and the lifestyle score and the probability of detecting ACN. RESULTS In all 6315 women and men completed the lifestyle questionnaire, 3323 (53%) in the FIT arm and 2992 (47%) in the FS arm. This was 89% of those who participated in screening. ACN was diagnosed in 311 (5%) participants of which 25 (8%) were diagnosed with CRC. For individuals with a lifestyle score of two, three, four, and five-six, the ORs (95%CI) for the probability of ACN detection were 0.82 (0.45-1.16), 0.43 (0.28-0.73), 0.41 (0.23-0.64), and 0.41 (0.22-0.73), respectively compared to individuals with a lifestyle score of zero-one. Of the single lifestyle factors, adherence to non-smoking and moderate alcohol intake were associated with a decreased probability of ACN detection compared to being a smoker or having a high alcohol intake 0.53 (0.42-0.68) and 0.63 (0.43-0.93) respectively. CONCLUSION Adopted healthy behaviors were inversely associated with the probability of ACN detection. Lifestyle assessment might be useful for risk stratification in CRC screening.
-
8.
Healthy Lifestyle and Functional Outcomes from Stroke in Women.
Rist, PM, Buring, JE, Kase, CS, Kurth, T
The American journal of medicine. 2016;(7):715-724.e2
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
PURPOSE While a healthy lifestyle has been associated with reduced risk of developing ischemic stroke, less is known about its effect on stroke severity. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study among 37,634 women without stroke or missing risk factor data at baseline. The healthy lifestyle index was composed of smoking, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and diet (range 0-20, with 20 representing healthiest lifestyle). Possible functional outcomes were no stroke or stroke with modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1 (mild), 2-3 (moderate), or 4-6 (severe). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between healthy lifestyle and functional outcomes from stroke. RESULTS Over 17.2 years of follow-up, 867 total strokes were confirmed. Compared with the lowest category (0-4), the highest category (17-20) was associated with reductions in risk of total stroke with mild (odds ratio [OR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.90), moderate (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.27-1.06), and severe (OR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.20-1.18) functional outcomes. Even a modest healthy lifestyle index (5-8 points) was associated with significant decreases in total stroke with severe and moderate functional outcomes. Similar results were seen for ischemic but not hemorrhagic strokes. CONCLUSIONS Highest vs lowest scores on the healthy lifestyle index were associated with reductions in risk of total and ischemic strokes with mild, moderate, and severe functional outcomes among women. The evidence that even modest healthy lifestyle index scores reduced risks of total and ischemic stroke with moderate and severe functional outcomes suggests modest lifestyle changes may reduce risk of disabling stroke events.
-
9.
Predictors of advanced colorectal neoplasia at initial and surveillance colonoscopy after positive screening immunochemical faecal occult blood test.
Botteri, E, Crosta, C, Bagnardi, V, Tamayo, D, Sonzogni, AM, De Roberto, G, de Leone, A, Lowenfels, A, Maisonneuve, P
Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016;(3):321-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics such as gender and lifestyle are not taken in account in colorectal cancer screening and surveillance recommendations. AIMS To identify factors associated with advanced neoplasia at initial and surveillance colonoscopy. METHODS In this observational study, 750 individuals with positive faecal occult blood test, aged 50-74 years, underwent a first screening colonoscopy in 2007-2009. We collected anthropometric data as well as data on physical activity, smoking and drinking habits, fruit and vegetable consumption and low-dose aspirin use through a questionnaire. RESULTS At initial colonoscopy advanced neoplasia (n=399, 53.2%) was positively associated with age, male gender, smoking and alcohol drinking, and inversely associated with physical activity, fruit and vegetables consumption and long-term use of aspirin. These 7 factors were used to calculate a risk score, ranging from 0 (no unfavourable characteristics) to 7 (all unfavourable characteristics present), which was significantly associated with advanced neoplasia (odds ratio 1.55 for one point increase, P<0.01). Among the 372 adenoma patients who returned for follow-up surveillance colonoscopy, the score remained associated with advanced neoplasia (odds ratio 1.28 for one point increase, P=0.01). CONCLUSION Besides age and gender, modifiable factors such as lifestyle and aspirin use were associated with the risk of advanced neoplasia at initial and surveillance colonoscopy.
-
10.
Alcohol Drinking Obliterates the Inverse Association Between Serum Retinol and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer.
Chen, KC, Hsueh, WT, Ou, CY, Huang, CC, Lee, WT, Fang, SY, Tsai, ST, Huang, JS, Wong, TY, Wu, JL, et al
Medicine. 2015;(26):e1064
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
This analysis evaluated the association between serum retinol levels and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) and whether the association is modulated by the use of alcohol, betel quid, or cigarette. In addition, we also examined the association between HNC risk and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, TTR rs1667255 and RBP4 rs10882272, that have been associated with serum retinol levels. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between serum retinol levels and HNC risk among 160 HNC cases and 198 controls. The associations between TTR rs1667255 and RBP4 rs10882272 and serum retinol levels or HNC risk were evaluated by linear regression and unconditional logistic regression, respectively, for 418 HNC cases and 497 controls. The results showed that HNC cases had a lower mean serum retinol level compared with controls (845.3 μg/L vs 914.8 μg/L, P = 0.03). An inverse association between serum retinol levels and HNC risk occurred among never/occasional alcohol drinkers but not among regular drinkers. TTR rs1667255 was associated with serum retinol levels; however, neither TTR rs1667255 nor RBP4 rs10882272 was associated with HNC risk. In summary, this study showed an inverse association between serum retinol levels and HNC risk, specifically among never/occasional alcohol drinkers. More studies are needed to establish the underlying biologic mechanisms for the inverse association between serum retinol levels and HNC risk and the modulation of this relationship by alcohol drinking.