1.
Effect of baroreflex activation therapy on renal sodium excretion in patients with resistant hypertension.
Lipphardt, M, Koziolek, MJ, Lehnig, LY, Schäfer, AK, Müller, GA, Lüders, S, Wallbach, M
Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society. 2019;(11):1287-1296
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases sodium retention in resistant hypertension. Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) is an interventional method to reduce sympathetic overactivity in patients with resistant hypertension. This study aimed to assess the effect of BAT on urinary sodium excretion. METHODS From 2012 to 2015, consecutive patients with resistant hypertension and blood pressure (BP) above target despite polypharmacy strategies were consecutively included in this observational study. BAT was provided with the individual adaption of programmed parameters over the first months. 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UNa) was estimated at baseline and after 6 months using the Kawasaki formula in patients undergoing BAT. Additionally, the fractional sodium excretion, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were assessed. RESULTS Forty-two patients completed the 6-month follow-up period. Office systolic and ambulatory 24-h systolic BP at baseline were 169 ± 27 mmHg and 148 ± 16 mmHg despite a median intake of 7(3-9) antihypertensive drugs. After 6 months of BAT, systolic office BP decreased to 150 ± 29 mmHg (p < 0.01), 24-h systolic BP to 142 ± 22 mmHg (p = 0.04) and 24-h UNa increased by 37% compared to baseline (128 ± 66 vs. 155 ± 83 mmol/day, p < 0.01). These findings were accompanied by a significant increase in fractional sodium excretion (0.74% [0.43-1.47] to 0.92% [0.61-1.92]; p = 0.02). However, in contrast to the significant BP reduction, eGFR, plasma sodium, renin activity and aldosterone levels did not change during BAT. The increase in sodium excretion was correlated with the change in eGFR (r = 0.371; p = 0.015). CONCLUSION The present study revealed a significant increase of estimated 24-h UNa which may contribute to the long-term BP-lowering effects of this interventional method.
2.
Association Between Occupational, Sport, and Leisure Related Physical Activity and Baroreflex Sensitivity: The Paris Prospective Study III.
Climie, RE, Boutouyrie, P, Perier, MC, Chaussade, E, Plichart, M, Offredo, L, Guibout, C, van Sloten, TT, Thomas, F, Pannier, B, et al
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2019;(6):1476-1483
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is a preventative behavior for noncommunicable disease. However, little consideration is given as to whether different domains of PA have differing associations with health outcomes. We sought to determine the association between occupational, sport, leisure, and total PA with baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), distinguishing between neural (nBRS) and mechanical (mBRS) BRS. In a cross-sectional analysis of 8649 adults aged 50 to 75 years, resting nBRS (estimated by low-frequency gain, from carotid distension rate and heart rate) and mBRS (carotid stiffness) were measured by high-precision carotid echo-tracking. PA was self-reported using the validated Baecke questionnaire. The associations between PA and nBRS and mBRS were quantified using multivariate linear regression analysis, separately in the working and nonworking population. In working adults (n=5039), occupational PA was associated with worse nBRS (unstandardized β=-0.02; [95% CI, -0.04 to -0.003]; P=0.022) whereas sport PA was associated with better nBRS (β=0.04; [95% CI, 0.02-0.07]; P=0.003) and mBRS (β=-0.05; [95% CI, -0.09 to -0.00001]; P=0.049). Neither leisure PA nor total PA was associated with nBRS or mBRS. In nonworking adults (n=3610), sport PA and total PA were associated with better mBRS (β=-0.08; [95% CI, -0.15 to 0.02]; P=0.012 and β=-0.05; [95% CI, -0.10 to 0.009]; P=0.018) but not nBRS. These findings suggest differential associations between domains of PA and BRS and may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between occupational PA and cardiovascular disease.