0
selected
-
1.
The Gut Microbiome Modifies the Association Between a Mediterranean Diet and Diabetes in USA Hispanic/ Latino Population.
Wang, DD, Qi, Q, Wang, Z, Usyk, M, Sotres-Alvarez, D, Mattei, J, Tamez, M, Gellman, MD, Daviglus, M, Hu, FB, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2022;(3):e924-e934
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
CONTEXT The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. METHODS This study included 543 diabetic, 805 prediabetic, and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of USA Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P [q] = 0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q = 0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (pinteraction = 0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A 1-SD deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98) and 7% (OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella noncarriers and carriers, respectively. CONCLUSION Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.
-
2.
Preconception Diet Quality Is Associated with Birth Weight for Gestational Age Among Women in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
Siega-Riz, AM, Vladutiu, CJ, Butera, NM, Daviglus, M, Gellman, M, Isasi, CR, Stuebe, AM, Talavera, GA, Van Horn, L, Sotres-Alvarez, D
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021;(3):458-466
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional status of women in the preconception period is of paramount importance due to its role in reproduction. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess overall diet quality during the preconception period and its association with infant birth weight adjusted for gestational age (GA). DESIGN This is an observational longitudinal cohort of Hispanic people living in the United States. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos baseline (2008-2011) and second clinic examinations (2014-2017). Included are the first 497 singleton live-born infants among the 2,556 women (younger than 45 years) who attended the second visit. Field sites were located in Miami, FL; Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; and San Diego, CA, and represent individuals with heritage from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Central and South America. MAIN EXPOSURE Diet assessment included two 24-hour recalls from baseline. The 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) was used to measure diet quality, with higher scores indicating better quality. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Complex survey linear regression estimated the association between HEI-2010 scores (continuous variable and categorized into tertiles) and birth-weight z score and birth weight for GA percentile. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) age of women was 25.8 (5.2) years and 36.4% were classified as underweight or normal weight, 30.0% were overweight, and 33.6% had obesity at baseline. Mean (standard deviation) HEI-2010 score was 56.5 (13.4), and by weight classifications was 54.4 (14.1) for underweight or normal weight and 57.7 (12.8) for overweight or obesity. Median (interquartile range) birth-weight z score was 0.5 (interquartile range [IQR], -0.2 to 1.3) overall and 0.2 (IQR, -0.5 to 1.0), 0.6 (IQR, -0.2 to 1.3), and 0.5 (IQR, -0.2 to 1.4) for the first, second, and third HEI-2010 tertile, respectively. Median birth weight for GA percentile was 68.2 (IQR, 40.2 to 89.7) overall, and 56.8 (IQR, 29.6 to 85.0), 71.5 (IQR, 42.8 to 90.0), and 70.1 (IQR, 42.9 to 91.2) by HEI-2010 tertile. In adjusted models, the highest tertile of the HEI-2010 score was associated with a higher birth-weight z score and birth weight for GA percentile, and the continuous HEI-2010 score was only associated with birth weight for GA percentile. Preconception body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) did not modify these associations. CONCLUSIONS Overall diet quality, as measured by the HEI-2010, in the preconception period is associated with infant birth weight adjusted for GA among US Hispanic and Latina women.
-
3.
Cognitive Factors Associated with Frequency of Eating Out and Eating Takeout among Latinas.
Garcia, S, Valencia, C, Amaro, H
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021;(3):520-528
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Higher frequency of eating outside the home can be an unhealthy behavior that may contribute to higher rates of obesity among Latinas, a disproportionately affected group. There is a growing need to understand potentially modifiable factors (eg, dispositional mindfulness, self-efficacy, nutrition knowledge) associated with higher frequency of eating outside the home in this population. This study assessed associations of cognitive factors (ie, dispositional mindfulness, self-efficacy of eating and purchasing healthy foods, nutrition knowledge) with frequency of eating out among Latinas. A secondary analysis was performed of data from a cross-sectional study of Latinas between February and May 2015. The study comprised a convenience sample of 218 Spanish- or English-literate Latinas, between the ages of 18 and 55 years, who lived in South or East Los Angeles and self-identified as the primary person responsible for grocery shopping in the household. Most participants identified as foreign-born Mexican Americans. Frequency of eating out was assessed as the outcome variable, and three cognitive variables (mindfulness disposition, self-efficacy, nutrition knowledge) served as independent variables. Multinomial models assessed the association between cognitive factors and frequency of eating out. Models were adjusted for age, English-speaking ability, income, having an obesity-related disease (ie, overweight or obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease), household size, and education level. For every 1-unit increase in mindfulness disposition, the risk of a participant eating out every week compared with every month decreased by a factor of 0.42 (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.58, P < 0.01). For every 1-unit increase in self-efficacy, the risk of a participant eating out every week compared with every month decreased by a factor of 0.32 (RRR = 0.68, P < 0.05), and the risk of a participant eating out every 2 weeks compared with every month decreased by a factor of 0.44 (RRR = 0.56, P < 0.05). For every 1-unit increase in nutrition knowledge, the risk of a participant eating out every week compared with every month increased by a factor of 1.42 (RRR = 1.42, P < 0.01). Lower dispositional mindfulness was associated with higher frequency of eating out when comparing individuals who ate out at least every week with those who ate out once a month or less or every 2 weeks. Lower self-efficacy was associated with eating out more when comparing those who ate out once a month or less with those who ate out at least every week or every 2 weeks. Lower nutrition knowledge was associated with lower frequency of eating out for participants who ate out once a month or less compared with those who ate out at least every week.
-
4.
Females, Hispanics and older individuals are at greatest risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the U.S.
Campbell, B, Aguilar, M, Bhuket, T, Torres, S, Liu, B, Wong, RJ
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2016;(4):230-233
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS related complications in the U.S. poses a serious public health burden. We aim to identify high risk groups at greatest risk of developing MetS in the U.S. METHODS Using data from the 2001-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), MetS prevalence among adults (age≥18) was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and age to identify groups at greatest risk of MetS. Mutlivariate logistic regression models evaluated for predictors of MetS. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of MetS in the U.S. was 78 million during the study period. There was a greater prevalence of MetS in females compared to males (34.4% vs. 29.6%, p<0.001). Females had a 25% higher risk of MetS compared to males (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18-1.32, p<0.001). Hispanics had a higher risk of MetS when compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23, p<0.01). The prevalence of MetS increased with increasing age (age <40: 17.5% vs. age 40-49: 29.7% vs. age 50-59: 37.5% vs. age 60-69: 44.4% vs. age ≥70: 47.0%, p<0.001), and individuals age 70 and over were more than 5 times more likely to have MetS than those less than age 40 (OR, 5.12, 4.71-5.57, p<0.001) CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of MetS in the U.S. affects females, Hispanics, and older individuals the greatest. The aging population and increasing Hispanic population further highlight the huge burden of disease MetS will place on the healthcare system in the U.S.
-
5.
Places where preschoolers are (in)active: an observational study on Latino preschoolers and their parents using objective measures.
Cerin, E, Baranowski, T, Barnett, A, Butte, N, Hughes, S, Lee, RE, Mendoza, JA, Thompson, D, O'Connor, TM
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2016;:29
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat the disproportionately higher risk of childhood obesity in Latino preschool-aged children, multilevel interventions targeting physical (in) activity are needed. These require the identification of environmental and psychosocial determinants of physical (in) activity for this ethnic group. The objectives were to examine differences in objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior across objectively-determined types of locations in Latino preschool-aged children; and determine whether the differences in physical activity by location were greater in children of parents with higher neighborhood-safety perceptions and physical activity-supportive parenting practices. METHODS An observational field study was conducted in Houston (Texas, USA) from August 2011 to April 2012. A purposive sample of Latino children aged 3-5 years and one of their parents (n = 84) were recruited from Census block groups in Houston (Texas) stratified by objectively-assessed high vs. low traffic and crime safety. Seventy-three children provided valid data. Time spent outdoors/indoors tagged with geographic locations was coded into location types based on objective data collected using Global Positioning Systems units that children wore >8 hr/day for a week. Physical activity parenting practices, perceived neighborhood-safety, and demographics were reported by parents. Time spent in sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was measured based on objective data collected using accelerometers (motion sensors) that children wore >8 hr/day for a week. RESULTS The odds of children engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were 43% higher when outdoors than indoors (95% confidence interval: 1.30, 1.58), and the odds of being sedentary were 14% lower when outdoors compared to indoors (95% confidence intervals: 0.81, 0.91). This difference depended on parental neighborhood-safety perceptions and parenting practices. Children were most active in parks/playgrounds (30% of the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and least active in childcare/school settings (8% of the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). CONCLUSIONS Objectively-assessed time spent in specific locations is correlated with physical activity and sedentary behavior in Latino preschoolers. Interventions and policies should identify ways to engage Latino preschool-aged children in more physical activity and less sedentary behavior while in childcare, and encourage parents to spend more time with their young children in parks/playgrounds and other safe outdoor places.
-
6.
How do diet and body mass index impact dental caries in Hispanic elementary school children?
Creske, M, Modeste, N, Hopp, J, Rajaram, S, Cort, D
Journal of dental hygiene : JDH. 2013;(1):38-46
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this observational study was to examine the association between body mass index and dental caries in Hispanic children. The research evaluated the influences of obesity, diet, parent education level, family acculturation, tooth brushing habits and gender as predictors of childhood caries. METHODS One examiner visually screened 177 third grade students from 3 elementary schools located in southern California's Coachella Valley. The children were screened for number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Height, weight, age and gender determined their body mass index. Primary caregivers completed a 30-point questionnaire for each participant. Multivariate analyses accessed the association between childhood dental caries and weight status and the influences of the measured variables. RESULTS Results indicate that those in the obese category had a statistically significant lower rate of DMFT than did children in the healthy weight category. Overweight children showed a higher DMFT than healthy weight children but the results were not statistically significant. Covariates that significantly influenced this association were diet and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Results from this study provide oral health professionals with baseline data and literature to support development of preventive programs for this population that concurrently address both obesity and oral health issues in scope and design.