1.
Prospective Association between Total and Specific Dietary Polyphenol Intakes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Nutrinet-Santé French Cohort.
Adriouch, S, Lampuré, A, Nechba, A, Baudry, J, Assmann, K, Kesse-Guyot, E, Hercberg, S, Scalbert, A, Touvier, M, Fezeu, LK
Nutrients. 2018;(11)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and experimental evidence support a protective effect of dietary polyphenols on chronic diseases, but high quality longitudinal data are needed, including details on categories of polyphenols. Our objective was to investigate the prospective association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols and the risk of major cardiovascular disease in the NutriNet-Santé cohort. METHODS A total of 84,158 participants, who completed at least three 24 h dietary records, were included between May 2009 and June 2017. Individual polyphenols intakes were obtained by matching food consumption data from the 24 h dietary records with the Phenol-Explorer polyphenol composition database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize the associations between dietary polyphenols and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, comparing tertile T3 vs. T1 of classes and subclasses of polyphenols. RESULTS Over a median of 4.9 years of follow-up, 602 major cardiovascular events were diagnosed. Intakes of anthocyanins, catechins, and flavonols were strongly inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk (anthocyanins: Hazard Ratio (HR)for a 1-point increment of 10 mg/day = 0.98 (0.96⁻0.99, p = 0.03, HRT3vs.T1 = 0.66 (0.52⁻0.83), ptrend = 0.0003; catechins: HRfor a 1-point increment of 10 mg/day = 0.98 (0.96⁻0.99), p = 0.02, HRT3vs.T1 = 0.74 (0.60⁻0.91), ptrend = 0.004; flavonols: HRfor a 1-point increment of 10 mg/day = 0.94 (0.90⁻0.99), p = 0.02, HRT3vs.T1 = 0.75 (0.61⁻0.94), ptrend = 0.006). Intakes of dihydrochalcones, proanthocyaninidins, dihydroflavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, and stilbenes were also associated with a decrease (13%, 19%, 24%, 24%, and 27%, respectively) in cardiovascular disease risk, when comparing tertile T3 to T1. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of polyphenols, especially of anthocyanins, catechins, and flavonols, were associated with a statistically significant decreased cardiovascular disease risk.
2.
A Polyphenol-Based Multicomponent Nutraceutical in Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress: Results from a Pilot Study.
Corsi, R, Mosti, G, Cavezzi, A, Urso, SU, Dimitrova, G, Fioroni, E, Colucci, R, Quinzi, V
Journal of dietary supplements. 2018;(1):34-41
Abstract
To assess short-term efficacy and safety of a multicomponent nutraceutical (MCN) on dysmetabolism and oxidative stress, a pilot prospective observational study was performed on 21 individuals (12 men and 9 women) who took, for 60 days, 2 tablets per day of an MCN based on antioxidants and metabolism regulators: hydroxytyrosol (15 mg), maqui (300 mg), amla (200 mg), monacolin K (10 mg), berberine (245 mg), astaxanthin (0.5 mg), coenzyme Q10 (100 mg), and folic acid (200 mcg). On day 0 (T0) and day 60 (T60), all participants underwent laboratory tests related to lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and cellular inflammation. Statistical analysis was applied to the resulting data. A significant improvement of most atherogenesis and oxidative stress biomarkers was recorded (mean figure at T0 and T60, p value): total cholesterol 243.50/194.83 mg/dl, p =.0002; low-density lipoproteins 174.50/124.58 mg/dl, p =.0001; glycemia 96.25/88.50 mg/dl, p =.035; total free radicals 306.44/280.93 U.Carr., p =.036; serum antioxidant capacity 2103.00/2246.06 umol/l, p =.0042; oxidized cholesterol 680.33/597.25 uEq/l, p =.0511. Insulinemia, microalbuminuria, high-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides had no statistically significant variation. Body weight and systo-diastolic pressure showed no significant change from T0 to T60. No relevant side effects were reported. The investigated MCN (Eonlipid), based on polyphenols, significantly improved the oxidative stress parameters and decreased the majority of atherogenesis parameters at short term. No significant side effects were reported. Further placebo-controlled studies should possibly corroborate the promising results of this pilot study.
3.
Interaction between polyphenols intake and PON1 gene variants on markers of cardiovascular disease: a nutrigenetic observational study.
Rizzi, F, Conti, C, Dogliotti, E, Terranegra, A, Salvi, E, Braga, D, Ricca, F, Lupoli, S, Mingione, A, Pivari, F, et al
Journal of translational medicine. 2016;(1):186
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and polyphenols intake have been reported independently associated to lipid profile and susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between these factors remains to be investigated. We performed an observational nutrigenetic study to examine whether the interaction between polyphenols and anthocyanins intake and PON1 genetic variants can modulate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in an Italian healthy population. METHODS We recruited 443 healthy volunteers who participated in the EC funded ATHENA project (AnThocyanin and polyphenols bioactive for Health Enhancement through Nutritional Advancement). Data collection included detailed demographic, clinical, dietary, lifestyle, biochemical and genetic data. Polyphenols and anthocyanins intake was measured by 24 h dietary recall repeated three times a year in order to get seasonal variations. We tested the interaction between 18 independent tagging SNPs in PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma. RESULTS Without considering the genetic background, we could not observe significant differences in the lipid profile between high and low polyphenols and anthocyanins intake. Using a nutrigenetic approach, we identified protective genotypes in four independent polymorphisms that, at Bonferroni level (p ≤ 0.0028), present a significant association with increased HDL level under high polyphenols and anthocyanins intake, compared to risk genotypes (rs854549, Beta = 4.7 per C allele; rs854552, Beta = 5.6 per C allele; rs854571, Beta = 3.92 per T allele; rs854572, Beta = 3.94 per C allele). CONCLUSIONS We highlight the protective role of genetic variants in PON1 towards cardiovascular risk under high polyphenols and anthocyanins consumption. PON1 variants could represent novel biomarkers to stratify individuals who might benefit from targeted dietary recommendation for health promotion and strategies of preventive medicine.