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1.
Differences in Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels at Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes.
Marino, M, Galeazzi, T, Gesuita, R, Ricci, S, Catassi, C, Cherubini, V, Lionetti, E
Nutrients. 2024;(5)
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this work is to assess the vitamin D levels, evaluated as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D of children with a new diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), of children with a new onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in children with CD at diagnosis of T1D (T1D&CD). METHODS In this single-center observational study, we collected data for four groups of children and adolescents: T1D, CD, T1D&CD, and a control group (CG). The CG included schoolchildren who had negative results during a mass screening campaign for CD and were not diagnosed for T1D, according to RIDI Marche registry data, were considered for the purposes of this study. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 were considered as the parameters for evaluating vitamin D nutritional status, and the date of measurement was recorded to analyze vitamin D level seasonality. Vitamin D nutritional status was categorized as follows: severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (<20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL), or sufficiency/adequacy (≥30 ng/mL). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups. The association of 25(OH)D levels with health conditions and seasonal differences of 25(OH)D levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS The number of children enrolled for the present study was 393: 131 in the CG, 131 CD, 109 T1D, and 22 T1D&CD. Significantly lower levels of vitamin D were displayed for children with CD, T1D, or both the diseases. Interestingly, severe vitamin D deficiency was detected in no children with CD, 1.5% of children in the CG, in 24.4% with T1D, and 31.8% with T1D&CD (p < 0.001). As expected, the CG children vitamin D levels were significantly influenced by seasonality. Contrarily, no seasonal differences were reported in children with CD, T1D, and T1D&CD. Multiple regression analysis showed that children with T1D and T1D&CD had lower 25(OH)D levels of 9.9 ng/mL (95% CI: 5.4; 14.5) and 14.4 ng/mL (95% CI: 6.2-22.7) compared to CG children (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed low levels of vitamin D diagnosis of T1D, CD, and T1D&CD; however, severe deficiency was only reported in children with T1D and T1D&CD. More studies are needed to better understand the role of this deficiency in children newly diagnosed with CD and T1D.
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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Disability in Activities of Daily Living among the Oldest-Old: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study.
Li, X, Chen, C, Zhang, Y, Wang, J, Cui, X, Xu, L, Zhou, J, Deng, L, Zhang, M, Lv, Y, et al
The Journal of nutrition. 2024;(3):1004-1013
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency and disability are both prevalent among older adults. However, the association between them has rarely been investigated in the oldest-old subjects (aged ≥80 y), and the causality remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the causal effect of vitamin D on the incident risk of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among Chinese oldest-old based on the 2012-2018 Chinese Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and ADL status at baseline and follow-up interviews were documented. Cox regression models were applied among 1427 oldest-old (mean age, 91.2 y) with normal baseline ADL status. One sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed on a subset of 941 participants with qualified genetic data, using a 25(OH)D-associated genetic risk score as the genetic instrument. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.4 y, 231 participants developed disability in ADL. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with the risk of disability in ADL [per 10 nmol/L increase hazard ratio (HR) 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96]. Consistent results from MR analyses showed that a 10 nmol/L increment in genetically predicted 25(OH)D concentration corresponded to a 20% reduced risk of ADL disability (HR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.94). Nonlinear MR demonstrated a monotonic declining curve, with the HRs exhibiting a more pronounced reduction among individuals with 25(OH)D concentrations below 50 nmol/L. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations were more distinct among females and those with poorer health conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports an inverse causal relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of disability in ADL among Chinese oldest-old. This protective effect was more distinct, especially for participants with vitamin D deficiency. Appropriate measures for improving vitamin D might help reduce the incidence of physical disability in this specific age group.
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Aging Men With Insufficient Vitamin D Have a Higher Mortality Risk: No Added Value of its Free Fractions or Active Form.
Dejaeger, M, Antonio, L, Bouillon, R, Moors, H, Wu, FCW, O'Neill, TW, Huhtaniemi, IT, Rastrelli, G, Forti, G, Maggi, M, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2022;(3):e1212-e1220
Abstract
CONTEXT Low total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with mortality. Whether vitamin D in its free form or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), provide any additional information is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine what level of 25(OH)D is predictive for mortality and if free 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations have any added value. METHODS This prospective cohort comprised 1915 community-dwelling men, aged 40 to 79 years. Intervention included determination of association of total and free 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations with survival status. Vitamin D results were grouped into quintiles. For total 25(OH)D, specific cutoff values were also applied. Cox proportional hazard models were used adjusted for center, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, season of blood sample, kidney function, and number of comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 469 (23.5%) men died during a mean follow-up of 12.3 ± 3.4 years. Compared to those with normal vitamin D values (> 30 µg/L), men with a total 25(OH)D of less than 20 µg/L had an increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03 [95% CI, 1.39-2.96]; P < .001). Likewise, men in the lowest 3 free 25(OH)D quintiles (< 4.43 ng/L) had a higher mortality risk compared to the highest quintile (HR 2.09 [95% CI, 1.34-3.25]; P < .01). Mortality risks were similar across all 1,25(OH)2D and vitamin D binding protein quintiles. CONCLUSION Aging men with vitamin D deficiency have a 2-fold increased mortality risk. Determinations of either the free fractions of vitamin D or measurement of its active form offer no additional information on mortality risks.
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Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in Abu Dhabi Emirati population.
Al Zarooni, AAR, Nagelkerke, N, Al Marzouqi, FI, Al Darmaki, SH
PloS one. 2022;(2):e0264064
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been concerns regarding the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the United Arab Emirates and the association between this prevalence and cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, with a high prevalence in the Abu Dhabi national population. This cross-sectional retrospective observational study aimed to elucidate vitamin D deficiency symptoms and contributing factors in this context. METHOD AND SAMPLING Among 12346 participants presenting for their Weqaya population comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor screening, 700 were randomly selected and telephoned, among whom 400 completed a questionnaire that elicited information on dietary intake, sun exposure, clothing, physical activity, and symptoms related to vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Higher vitamin D levels were noted in participants who consumed extra servings of cod liver oil, tuna, salmon, and eggs; who wore clothes with their arms and legs exposed; and who performed daily physical activity. Symptoms of hypovitaminosis D (bone pain) were more frequently found in females. Fatigue is significantly associated with low vitamin D and younger participants. Strategies focusing on health promotion and lifestyle interventions should be implemented to address vitamin D deficiency.
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Association of CYP24A1 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer in the Jiamusi population.
Chai, L, Ni, J, Ni, X, Zhang, N, Liu, Y, Ji, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, X, Zhao, B, Xin, G, et al
PloS one. 2021;(6):e0253474
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population in Jiamusi has been reported to have the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. The genetic causal-effect for this occurrence among the residents remains unclear. Given the long cold seasons with people wearing more clothes and reduced UV exposure, we aimed to study the association between the vitamin D metabolism-related gene CYP24A1 polymorphism and CRC susceptibility. METHOD A case-control study was conducted that included 168 patients with CRC and 710 age-matched healthy individuals as the control group. Plausible susceptible variations were sought and clinical phenotypic-genotype association analysis was performed. RESULTS Overall, two CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.09-3.29) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08-2.13) were significantly associated with CRC in the Jiamusi population. In the female group, three CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.04, OR = 2.59, 95%CI: 1.03-6.49), rs2762939 GX (P = 0.01, OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.25-4.42), and rs6068816 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 0.99-3.59) carriers were significantly associated with CRC. In clinical phenotypic-genotype analysis, rs6013905 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 4.00, 95%CI: 0.92-17.48) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.03, OR = 4.87, 95%CI: 1.00-23.69) carriers were significantly associated with poorly differentiated CRC, while CYP24A1 rs6068816 AX was significantly associated with the tumor type (P = 0.02, OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.10-3.96) and location (P = 0.04, OR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.05-4.77). CONCLUSION CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor attributable to the highest prevalence of CRC in Jiamusi people. Individuals with CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may have an increased barrier for vitamin D absorption, thus contributing to the risk of CRC development.
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6.
Role of vitamin D serum levels in prevention of primary and recurrent melanoma.
Lombardo, M, Vigezzi, A, Ietto, G, Franchi, C, Iori, V, Masci, F, Scorza, A, Macchi, S, Iovino, D, Parise, C, et al
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):5815
Abstract
Patients afflicted with melanoma show lower vitamin D serum levels (VDSL) than the healthy population. This hypothesis agrees with its well-known antiproliferative features. An observational study was carried out to collect VDSL in patients suffering from melanoma. Our aim was to identify a potential connection between low VDSL and the risk to incur melanoma. Furthermore, we studied the association between VDSL at the diagnosis of melanoma and other germane prognostic factors. The population held in regard was composed of 154 patients with a diagnosis of melanoma between 2016 and 2019. These patients were retrospectively collected from our follow-up storage. We compared VDSL to clinical and pathological parameters (age, sex, tumour location, Breslow's depth, Clark's level, histological subtype, ulceration, et aliqua). Moreover, we recruited a control group with negative melanoma history. Mean and median of VDSL were significantly lower in the melanoma group. Instead, we found a negative association between melanoma and VDSL > 30 ng/L (OR 0.11; p < 0.0001). No correlation between VDSL and both Breslow's depth and Clark's level was discovered, but the VDSL comparison between thin (depth ≤ 1 mm) and thick tumours (depth > 1 mm) revealed a statistically significant difference (21.1 ± 8.2 ng/L vs 17.8 ± 8.1; p = 0.01). Moreover, VDSL were significantly lower in melanomas with mitotic rate ≥ 1/mm2 (22.1 ± 8.3 ng/L; p < 0007). Nevertheless, no connection was found between VDSL and both ulceration and positive sentinel nodes (p = 0.76; p = 0.74). Besides, our study revealed no association between VDSL and histological subtype (p = 0.161). Lower VDSL correlate with thick and high mitotic rate tumours. Future prospective studies would investigate if appropriate upkeep of suitable VDSL can decrease the risk of primary and recurrent melanoma diagnosis.
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Cross-sectional observational study - Investigation of vitamin D concentration in Caucasian cancer patients. what is the adequate dose of vitamin D for these patients?
Kapała, A, Szlendak, M, Grochowska, E
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(6):3852-3858
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D impairs tumour-related transformation and supports the anticancer function of the immune system. Currently, there are no guidelines on vitamin D supplementation devoted solely to cancer patients. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in Caucasian cancer patients and to characterize the clinical factors that predispose individuals to decreased vitamin D concentration. Secondly, the study aimed to estimate the dose of vitamin D supplementation that would prevent deficiencies in patients with cancer. METHODS In the presented cross-sectional study the population consisted of 500 consecutive Caucasian patients with a diagnosis of neoplastic disease, some of which declared long-term vitamin D supplementation in various doses. Serum vitamin D concentration was measured once in all patients and clinical data were obtained from the hospital database. The frequencies of vitamin D deficiency were compared to certain clinical variables by appropriate statistical tests. The dose of vitamin D substitution in cancer patients was estimated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 66.8% of patients with cancer and even in 31.6% who declared vitamin D supplementation. Older age, male gender, diagnosis of head and neck cancer or squamous cell carcinoma and body mass loss were identified as factors that predispose to vitamin D deficiency. The dose of vitamin D that would prevent deficiency in Caucasian patients with cancer was set at 2250 IU daily. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was very common in Caucasian patients with cancer, even in terms of vitamin D supplementation. The greatest predisposition was related to elder age, male gender, diagnosis of head and neck or squamous cell carcinoma and body mass loss. The dose of vitamin D supplementation in cancer patients should probably be higher than in the general population.
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Does Vitamin D affects changes in volumetric bone mineral density and architecture in postmenopausal women after conservatively treated distal radius fractures?
Raptis, K, Makris, K, Trovas, G, Galanos, A, Koutserimpas, C, Papaioannou, N, Vlamis, I, Vlasis, K, Tournis, S
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2021;(1):93-103
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of vitamin D on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and architecture during the first week's post-fracture in postmenopausal women (PMW) with distal radial fractures (DRF) treated conservatively using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). METHODS Patients were classified into 2 groups according to initial median 25(OH)D level; Group A (25(OH)D ≥15 ng/ml) and group B (25(OH)D <15 ng/ml). All patients were followed for 12 weeks at three visits: baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post fracture. pQCT was performed at baseline in fractured and contralateral non-fractured radius and at 6th and 12th week on the fractured side. RESULTS 39 patients completed the protocol. Mean 25(OH)D levels were 15.60±7.35 ng/ml (3.5-41.7). Trabecular (trab) bone mineral content (BMC) and trabvBMD increased at 6 wk. vs. baseline (p<0.001). Cortical BMC, cortvBMD and cross- sectional area (CSA) progressively decreased (p<0.001) during the 12 weeks. There was no interaction between baseline 25(OH)D levels and changes in trabecular and cortical BMC, vBMD and CSA. Advanced age and higher CTX and P1NP were associated with higher cortical bone loss. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency does not affect the early architectural changes after a DRF. Advanced age and higher bone remodeling were associated with higher cortical bone loss, probably related to immobilization and independent of vitamin D levels.
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Association between vitamin D deficiency at one month of age and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Byun, SY, Bae, MH, Lee, NR, Han, YM, Park, KH
Medicine. 2021;(48):e27966
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common and increases the likelihood of neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. This study assessed vitamin D levels at 1 month of age after 4 weeks of vitamin D supplementation and determined the association between vitamin D levels and neonatal morbidities.This retrospective study included preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g or gestational age <32 weeks born in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2019. They were administered 400 IU of oral vitamin D supplementation after birth according to our policy. The infants were then divided into sufficient (≥20 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL) groups according to their serum vitamin D levels at 1 month of age.The vitamin D deficient and sufficient groups included 49 and 41 patients, respectively. The mean gestational age and birth weight. GHT in the vitamin D deficient group were 29.1 ± 2.1 weeks and 1216.1 ± 308.1 g, respectively, and 30.0 ± 1.7 weeks and 1387.6 ± 350.8 g, respectively, in the sufficient group. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in demographic and clinical outcomes except for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which occurred significantly more often in the vitamin D-deficient group (odds ratio 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-2.78; P = .02).The results of our study suggest that vitamin D deficiency at 1 month of age is associated with BPD in preterm infants.
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The Relationship between Low Serum Vitamin D Levels and Altered Intestinal Barrier Function in Patients with IBS Diarrhoea Undergoing a Long-Term Low-FODMAP Diet: Novel Observations from a Clinical Trial.
Linsalata, M, Riezzo, G, Orlando, A, D'Attoma, B, Prospero, L, Tutino, V, Notarnicola, M, Russo, F
Nutrients. 2021;(3)
Abstract
Decreased serum vitamin D (VD) levels have been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). VD can also modulate the intestinal barrier. Given the link between the GI barrier's alterations and diet, attention has aroused the positive effects of the Low FODMAP Diet (LFD) on IBS patients' symptom profile. We evaluated the GI symptoms and the urinary and circulating markers of GI barrier function, the markers of inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis in 36 IBS patients with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) (5 men and 31 women, 43.1 ± 1.7 years) categorized for their circulating VD levels in low (L-VD) and normal (N-VD) (cutoff = 20 ng/mL). Evaluations were performed before and after 12 weeks of LFD. At the baseline, L-VD patients showed a significantly worse symptom profile and altered small intestinal permeability (s-IP) than N-VD. After LFD, a significant increase in the circulating VD levels in both the subgroups and a significant improvement of s-IP in L-VD patients occurred. Finally, VD levels negatively correlated with the symptom score and fecal zonulin. These data highlight the close relationship between VD and the intestinal barrier and support their involvement in IBS-D pathophysiology. Moreover, the potentially positive role of LFD in the management of IBS-D was confirmed.