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A cross-sectional study: Associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cui, M, Gang, X, Wang, G, Xiao, X, Li, Z, Jiang, Z, Wang, G
Medicine. 2020;99(2):e18708
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Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass, decrease of muscle strength and decline of physical performance and is related to reduced physical ability, impaired cardiorespiratory function, disability and death in the elderly. Type 2 diabetics are at higher risk of developing sarcopenia. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of sarcopenia in elderly type 2 diabetics in the Northeast of China. 132 participants completed the study which was based on self-reported medical and lifestyle history, and clinical evaluations including measurements of weight, height and muscle strength, imaging to establish sarcopenia and blood tests. 28.8% of participants had sarcopenia. Age, increased truncal fat mass and increased free thyroxine increased the risk of sarcopenia, whilst regular exercise, being female, taking metformin, a higher body mass index and increased trunk skeletal mass were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. The authors point out that limitations include the small sample size and that, as this is a cross-sectional study, cause and effect cannot be established.
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome and it impairs physical function. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of general information and metabolic factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM in the northeast of China, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Patients with T2DM aged ≥65 were recruited in Changchun from March 2017 to February 2018. Questionnaires of general information, physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination were conducted. The patients were assigned into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS), and the differences between 2 groups were analyzed.A total of 132 participants were included in this study, of which, 38 (28.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. 94 (71.2%) were with no sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.182, 95%CI: 1.038-1.346), trunk fat mass (TFM) (OR: 1.499, 95%CI: 1.146-1.960) and free thyroxine (FT4) (OR: 1.342, 95%CI: 1.102-1.635) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. BMI (body mass index) (OR: 0.365, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661), exercise (OR: 0.016, 95%CI: 0.001-0.169), female (OR: 0.000, 95%CI: 0.00-0.012), metformin (OR: 0.159, 95%CI: 0.026-0.967) and TSM (trunk skeletal muscle mass) (OR: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661) were protective factors for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia in patients with T2DM is associated with increased age, increased TFM and increased FT4 level. Regular exercise, female, metformin administrations, high BMI and increased TSM are associated with lower risk of sarcopenia.
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Relationship between screen time and nutrient intake in Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study.
Tsujiguchi, H, Hori, D, Kambayashi, Y, Hamagishi, T, Asakura, H, Mitoma, J, Kitaoka, M, Anyenda, EO, Nguyen, TTT, Yamada, Y, et al
Environmental health and preventive medicine. 2018;23(1):34
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Literature indicates that sedentary behaviours are linked to adverse health outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between screen time, including personal computer and mobile phone use, and nutrient intake among children and adolescents. The study used cross-sectional data from the Shika study which recruited Japanese children aged between 6 to 15 years of age. Results indicate a relationship between longer television viewing times and less protein, minerals, vitamins, and total dietary fibre intake. A relationship was also found between personal computer use in boys and less minerals and vitamins intake. Authors conclude that children and adolescents need to reduce the amount of time they spend watching television as well as the frequency of eating in front of the television screen in order to reduce health risk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviors have recently become an important public health issue. We aimed to investigate the relationship between screen time and nutrient intake in children and adolescents. METHODS The present study was conducted in 2013. Data were collected from children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 years old in Shika town. Questionnaires were distributed to 1459 subjects, 1414 of whom participated in the study (96.9%). Sedentary behaviors were assessed based on participants' screen behaviors (television (TV) viewing, personal computer (PC) use, and mobile phone (MP) use). The main outcomes were the intake of nutrients from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the significance of differences in nutrient intake estimates. Multivariate linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, BMI, and physical activity, were used to provide parameter estimates (β) and 95% CI for the relationship between screen time and nutrient intake. RESULTS In boys, longer TV viewing times correlated or tended to correlate with a lower intake of protein, potassium, calcium, iron, vitamin K, vitamin B-2, and total dietary fiber. In girls, longer TV viewing times correlated with a lower intake of protein, sodium, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B-2. Longer TV viewing times correlated with a higher intake of n-6 fatty acids in girls. PC use was related or tended to be related to a lower intake of potassium, iron, vitamin K, and folic acid in boys, but not in girls. A relationship was observed between MP use and a lower intake of vitamin K in boys, and MP use and a higher intake of vitamin D in girls. CONCLUSIONS The present results revealed that longer TV viewing times are associated with less protein, minerals, vitamins, and total dietary fiber intake in children and adolescents. It was also revealed that boys with PC use have less minerals and vitamins. These results support the need to design intervention programs that focus on decreasing TV viewing time in both sexes and PC use in boys while encouraging adherence to dietary guidelines among children and adolescents.
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The Association between Mediterranean Diet and the Risk of Falls and Physical Function Indices in Older Type 2 Diabetic People Varies by Age.
Tepper, S, Alter Sivashensky, A, Rivkah Shahar, D, Geva, D, Cukierman-Yaffe, T
Nutrients. 2018;10(6)
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Diabetes is associated with high risk for disability, and accelerated rate of decline in physical capacity. The aim of the study is to examine whether a higher adherence to a Mediterranean Diet in a Mediterranean country is associated with walking speed, better physical function and decreased risk for falls. This cross-sectional study includes data of 117 individuals, of which 40% were females, with Type 2 diabetes aged over 60 years. Results indicate that those individuals with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet were at lower risk for falls and had greater muscle strength. The relationship between physical performance measured by walking speed, walking distance and Mediterranean Diet differed by age. Authors conclude that there is an association between the balances indices, risk for falls, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and Mediterranean Diet among 60+ individuals with diabetes.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes and dysglycemia increase the risk of frailty and decreased physical abilities. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may reduce this risk. We hypothesized that adherence to the MD is associated with physical function in older type-2 diabetic patients and that the association is stratified by age. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited type-2 diabetes patients aged >60 years at the Center for Successful Aging with Diabetes at Sheba Medical Center. Health status and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for nutritional assessment and calculation of MD score. Physical function indices were determined by a physiotherapist and included: Berg Balance test, Timed Get-Up-and-Go, 6-min walk (6 MW), 10-m walk (10 MW), Four Square Step Test, 30-s chair stand and Grip strength, and activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Among 117 participants (age 70.6 ± 6.5), high adherence to MD was associated with better score on functional tests (low vs. high MD adherence: 9.7% vs. 25%, ANOVA p = 0.02). A significant age by MD interaction was found: a higher adherence to MD was associated with a better 6 MW (low vs. high: 387 ± 35 m vs. 483 ± 26 m; p = 0.001) and higher 10 MW (low vs. high: 1.8 ± 0.16 m/s vs. 2.0 ± 0.13 m/s; p = 0.02) in participants aged >75 years. These associations remained significant after controlling for gender, age, BMI, and physical activity. CONCLUSION In the current study, we showed relationships between strength, physical performance, and MD among older diabetic patients. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and establish temporal relationships.