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The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating versus Standard Dietary Advice on Weight, Metabolic Health and the Consumption of Processed Food: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial in Community-Based Adults.
Phillips, NE, Mareschal, J, Schwab, N, Manoogian, ENC, Borloz, S, Ostinelli, G, Gauthier-Jaques, A, Umwali, S, Gonzalez Rodriguez, E, Aeberli, D, et al
Nutrients. 2021;13(3)
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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure and impaired ability to balance blood sugars, that increase the sufferers risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Weight loss and lifestyle modifications are the main recommendations to improve MS. Intermittent fasting is a dietary regime that involves restricting the intake of food to certain times of the day, without restricting calories and has been shown in animal and human studies to result in fat loss and an increased ability to balance blood sugars. This randomised control trial of 218 adults over 6 months aimed to firstly determine relationships between eating duration, unprocessed and processed foods, and lifestyle factors on health and secondly to determine if a 12-hour time restricted eating pattern leads to an improvement in MS. The results showed that higher consumption of processed foods was associated with poorer metabolic health. A 12-hour restricted eating pattern resulted in weight loss, whereas individuals on a standard daily eating pattern did not, however differences between the two groups were not significant. Other measures of metabolic health failed to show any differences between the two groups. It was concluded that a 12-hour restricted eating pattern was feasible over 6 months, however further research is needed to assess if a more restricted time would result in greater weight loss. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand that a restricted eating pattern may be of benefit to those with MS, however further research would be needed to determine the optimal timeframe.
Abstract
Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. The goals of our study were two-fold. First, we characterised the relationships between eating duration, unprocessed and processed food consumption and metabolic health. During 4 weeks of observation, 213 adults used a smartphone application to record food and drink consumption, which was annotated for food processing levels following the NOVA classification. Low consumption of unprocessed food and low physical activity showed significant associations with multiple MS components. Second, in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we compared the metabolic benefits of 12 h time-restricted eating (TRE) to standard dietary advice (SDA) in 54 adults with an eating duration > 14 h and at least one MS component. After 6 months, those randomised to TRE lost 1.6% of initial body weight (SD 2.9, p = 0.01), compared to the absence of weight loss with SDA (-1.1%, SD 3.5, p = 0.19). There was no significant difference in weight loss between TRE and SDA (between-group difference -0.88%, 95% confidence interval -3.1 to 1.3, p = 0.43). Our results show the potential of smartphone records to predict metabolic health and highlight that further research is needed to improve individual responses to TRE such as a shorter eating window or its actual clock time.
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Association of prior metabolic and bariatric surgery with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with obesity.
Aminian, A, Fathalizadeh, A, Tu, C, Butsch, WS, Pantalone, KM, Griebeler, ML, Kashyap, SR, Rosenthal, RJ, Burguera, B, Nissen, SE
Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. 2021;17(1):208-214
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A growing body of evidence indicates that patients with obesity are disproportionately affected with a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may experience resultant higher mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the association of prior metabolic surgery with severity of SARSCoV-2 infection in patients with severe obesity. This study is a retrospective, matched-cohort analysis of a prospective, observational, institutional review board–approved clinical registry of all patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study population included a total of 363 patients, including 33 individuals who had metabolic surgery and 330 matched patients who tested positive. Results indicate that a history of metabolic surgery is associated with lower severity of SARSCoV-2 infection in patients with severe obesity, as manifested by lower risks of hospital and ICU admission. Authors conclude that prior metabolic surgery with subsequent weight loss and improvement of metabolic abnormalities could potentially reduce morbidity from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between prior metabolic surgery and the severity of COVID-19 in patients with severe obesity. SETTING Cleveland Clinic Health System in the United States. METHODS Among 4365 patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between March 8, 2020 and July 22, 2020 in the Cleveland Clinic Health System, 33 patients were identified who had a prior history of metabolic surgery. The surgical patients were propensity matched 1:10 to nonsurgical patients to assemble a cohort of control patients (n = 330) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2 at the time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. The primary endpoint was the rate of hospital admission. The exploratory endpoints included admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation and dialysis during index hospitalization, and mortality. After propensity score matching, outcomes were compared in univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS The average BMI of the surgical group was 49.1 ± 8.8 kg/m2 before metabolic surgery and was down to 37.2 ± 7.1 at the time of SARS-CoV-2 testing, compared with the control group's BMI of 46.7 ± 6.4 kg/m2. In the univariate analysis, 6 (18.2%) patients in the metabolic surgery group and 139 (42.1%) patients in the control group were admitted to the hospital (P = .013). In the multivariate analysis, a prior history of metabolic surgery was associated with a lower hospital admission rate compared with control patients with obesity (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.88; P = .028). While none of the 4 exploratory outcomes occurred in the metabolic surgery group, 43 (13.0%) patients in the control group required ICU admission (P = .021), 22 (6.7%) required mechanical ventilation, 5 (1.5%) required dialysis, and 8 (2.4%) patients died. CONCLUSION Prior metabolic surgery with subsequent weight loss and improvement of metabolic abnormalities was associated with lower rates of hospital and ICU admission in patients with obesity who became infected with SARS-CoV-2. Confirmation of these findings will require larger studies.
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Organic food consumption and gluten-free diet, is there a link? Results in French adults without coeliac disease.
Perrin, L, Allès, B, Julia, C, Hercberg, S, Touvier, M, Lairon, D, Baudry, J, Kesse-Guyot, E
The British journal of nutrition. 2021;125(9):1067-1078
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The gluten-free diet (GFD) is a medical response for people with coeliac disease, a systemic autoimmune disorder for which GFD is the only available effective treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of organic products (as a whole and by food group) in individuals (partially or totally) avoiding gluten or not, and their places of food purchases of organic food. Results indicate a positive association between gluten avoidance and contribution of organic food to the diet. A gradient was also observed with total avoiders consuming more of organic food than partial avoiders. This contribution was higher for all types of products, except milk and dairy products. Furthermore, the results appear consistent with the motives reported by individuals avoiding gluten. Authors conclude that their findings underline a strong positive correlation between gluten avoidance and organic food consumption.
Abstract
The rising popular belief that gluten is unhealthy has led to growth in gluten avoidance in people without coeliac disease. Little information is available on their dietary profiles and their dietary behaviours. Our aim was to compare the consumption of organic foods between gluten avoiders and non-avoiders, and their places of food purchase. We described their sociodemographic and dietary profiles. The study population included participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed both a food exclusion questionnaire and an organic semi-quantitative FFQ (n 23 468). Food intake and organic food consumption ratios were compared using multivariable adjusted ANCOVA models. Associations between gluten avoidance and organic food consumption as well as places of food purchase were investigated with multivariable logistic regression. Participants avoiding gluten were more likely to be women and had a healthier dietary profile. Organic food consumption was higher among gluten avoiders (48·50 % of total diet for total avoiders, 17·38 % for non-avoiders). After adjustments for confounders, organic food consumption and purchase in organic stores were positively associated with gluten avoidance: adjusted OR (aOR)Q5 v.Q1 organic food = 4·95; 95 % CI 3·70, 6·63 and aORorganic stores v.supermarkets = 1·82; 95 % CI 1·42, 2·33 for total avoiders. Our study highlights that individuals avoiding gluten are high organic consumers and frequently purchase their foods in organic stores which propose an extended offer of gluten-free food. Further research is needed to determine the underlying common motivations and the temporality of the dietary behaviours of healthy people avoiding gluten.
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The influence of macronutrient intake, stress and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) of urine with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.
Tahir, A, Sinrang, AW, Jusuf, EC, Syamsuddin, S, Stang, Arsyad, A
Gaceta sanitaria. 2021;35 Suppl 2:S298-S301
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Dysmenorrhea is a health problem that has a negative impact on the physical and emotional aspects of health. It also causes absenteeism in school that affects academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of macronutrient intake, stress, and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) on adolescent dysmenorrhea incidence. This study is an observational cohort study of 16 years old adolescents with a menstrual cycle every 21–35 days and a menstrual period of about 5–7 days. Results show that: - levels of pgf2α affect the incidence of dysmenorrhea i.e., prostaglandins can reduce or temporarily inhibit blood supply to the uterus, causing the uterus to lack oxygen and cause myometrium contraction which in turn causes pain. - stress is very influential with dysmenorrhea as it can interfere with the work of the endocrine system. - an insufficient intake of nutrients may increase the risk of dysmenorrhoea. Thus, adolescents should ensure adequate intake of macronutrients especially during menstruation. Authors conclude that stress and prostaglandin levels significantly affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the influence of macronutrient intake, stress, and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) on adolescent dysmenorrhea incidence. METHOD This type of study is observational analytic with a cohort study draft done in January-March 2020 at High junior school 21 Makassar. Respondents in this study were grade X and XI students divided into 64 teenagers who had dysmenorrhea and 64 adolescents who did not experience Dysmenrhea. The criteria of the respondent in this study were the reproductive age, already experiencing menstruation, knowing the time and date of menstruation, menstrual cycles were regular, and willing to be respondents. The study used Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) and used an ultrasonography (ultrasound) examination to perform the sample cervical. Food recall 24 hours to assess the intake of macronutrients, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42) to measure stress levels, and an examination of urine prostaglandin levels using the method Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Urine intake is carried out on the second day as much as 2-5cc. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistics regression backward. RESULT A multivariate analysis showed a variable that strongly affects dysmenorrhea is stress with the value p=0.000 and the level of prostaglandins with p-value=0.003 compared to other variables. CONCLUSION Stress and prostaglandin levels significantly affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.
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Relationship of age at menarche and serum leptin with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in adolescents.
Magalhaes, ACL, Pierucci, AP, Oliveira, MN, Campos, ABF, Jesus, PC, Ramalho, A
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2021;38(1):29-35
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Carrying excess weight during childhood and adolescence is believed to be a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Furthermore, high serum leptin concentrations are strictly related to pubertal development, and therefore have an impact on the age at which menarche occurs. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between age at menarche and healthy/unhealthy metabolic profiles, relating them to different body mass index categories, waist circumference, and serum leptin concentrations in female adolescents. This study is a cross-sectional study which investigated one hundred and thirty-nine, girls aged 10 to 19 years, who had gone through menarche. Results show that there is a relationship between early menarche and high serum leptin concentrations particularly in the metabolically unhealthy phenotype adolescent girls who have different body mass indices. Authors conclude that it is important that age of menarche, serum leptin levels and metabolic phenotypes of children and adolescents are analysed during clinical practice, in order to formulate strategies to prevent the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood.
Abstract
Objective: to analyze the relationship of age at menarche and leptin with the metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotypes in adolescent girls in different body mass index (BMI) categories. Method: an observational and cross-sectional study consisting of 139 female adolescents attended to at the Adolescent Reference Center in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Menarche was classified as early (EM) when the first menstruation occurred at or before 11 years of age; normal menarche (NM) was categorized at ages 12 to 14; menarche was considered late (LM) when it occurred at age 15 or older. The factors required to ascertain the subjects' phenotype, as well as their leptin levels, weight, and height, were measured and their BMIs were calculated. The girls were classified as MH or MUH based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria as adapted for children and adolescents. Results: 82 % (n = 114) of the girls were classified as MH and 18 % (n = 25) as MUH. Mean age at menarche was 11.79 ± 1.39 years. There was a higher prevalence of MUH amongst the girls who had EM (p = 0.04). A higher inadequacy of serum leptin concentrations was found in girls who had EM (p = 0.05) and in those classified as MUH (p = 0.01). The adolescents who were severely obese exhibited inadequate leptin levels (p < 0.01) and had gone through EM (p = 0.02). A total of 8.1 % (n = 7) of the normal-weight girls were classified as MUH, and 29.4 % (n = 5) of those who were severely obese were classified as MH (p < 0.01). Conclusion: early menarche and high serum leptin concentrations are related with the MUH phenotype in adolescent girls in different BMI categories. Objetivo: analizar la relación de la edad de la menarquia y los niveles de leptina con los fenotipos metabólicamente saludables (MS) y metabólicamente no saludables (MNS) en adolescentes de diferentes categorías de índice de masa corporal (IMC). Método: estudio observacional y transversal compuesto por 139 adolescentes de sexo feminino, atendidas en el Centro de Referencia para Adolescentes de Macaé, Río de Janeiro. La menarquia se clasificó como precoz (MP) cuando se produjo la primera menstruación a o antes de los 11 años de edad; la menarquia normal (MN) se clasificó como aquella sucedida a la edad de 12 a 14 años; la menarquia se consideró tardía (MT) cuando ocurrió a los 15 años o más. Se midieron los factores necesarios para determinar el fenotipo de los sujetos, y se midieron sus niveles de leptina, peso y altura, y se calculó su IMC. Las adolescentes se clasificaron como MS y MNS según los criterios de NCEP-ATP III, adaptados para niños y adolescentes. Resultados: el 82 % (n = 114) de las adolescentes se clasificaron como MH y el 18 % (n = 25) como MUH. La edad media de la menarquia fue de 11,79 ± 1,39 años. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de MUH entre las adolescentes que tenían MP (p = 0,04). Se encontró una mayor insuficiencia de las concentraciones séricas de leptina en las adolescentes que tenían MP (p = 0,05) y en aquellas clasificadas como MNS (p = 0,01). Las adolescentes que eran severamente obesas exhibieron niveles inadecuados de leptina (p < 0,01) y habían pasado por una MP (p = 0,02). El 8,1 % (n = 7) de las adolescentes de peso normal se clasificaron como MNS y el 29,4 % (n = 5) de las que eran severamente obesas se clasificaron como MS (p < 0,01). Conclusión: la menarquia temprana y las altas concentraciones séricas de leptina están relacionadas con el fenotipo MNS en las adolescentes de diferentes categorías de IMC.
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The Influence of Reducing Diets on Changes in Thyroid Parameters in Women Suffering from Obesity and Hashimoto's Disease.
Ostrowska, L, Gier, D, Zyśk, B
Nutrients. 2021;13(3)
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Hashimoto’s disease is also known as autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. It is the most common type of thyroiditis and autoimmune endocrinopathy. Weight gain is frequently the first symptom of hypothyroidism. The treatment of hypothyroidism (including autoimmune disorders) is based mainly on pharmacological treatment aimed at supplementing the deficiency of thyroid hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. This study is an interventional/observational study of 100 women aged 18–65 years with previously diagnosed Hashimoto’s disease and obesity. The women were randomly assigned to group A (the test group, n = 50) or group B (the control group). Results show that: - the elimination diets enabled an average weight loss of 21.17 kg, and the reducing diets a weight loss of 17.03 kg. - effective weight reduction led to improvement of thyroid parameters in patients suffering from obesity and Hashimoto’s disease. - an individually adjusted elimination diet may lead to better therapeutic results. Authors conclude that elimination diets are a more effective tool in reducing body fat mass in women with Hashimoto’s disease compared to standard balanced reducing diets with the same energy value and main nutrient content.
Abstract
Hashimoto's disease is listed among the most common endocrine causes of obesity. As treatment of obesity in women with Hashimoto's disease is frequently unsuccessful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. A six-month observational/interventional study was performed on 100 women aged 18-65 years, previously diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease and obesity and receiving L-thyroxine. The women were randomly assigned to the test group (group A, n = 50) following elimination/reducing diets, and the control group (group B, n = 50) following reducing diets with the same caloric content (without elimination). Anthropometric and thyroid parameters were evaluated at the beginning, after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. In both groups a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was achieved, but in test group A the decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was significantly greater than in control group B (p < 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormon) levels decreased significantly more in group A than in group B (p < 0.001). Group A exhibited significantly greater increases in fT4 and fT3 levels than the control group (p < 0.001) as well as significantly greater decreases in the levels anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) (p < 0.001) and anti-TG (thyreoglobulin) antibodies (p = 0.048). The application of reducing diets with product elimination was found to be a more beneficial tool for changing anthropometric and thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto's disease than classic reducing diets with the same energy values and macronutrient content.
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The Mediterranean Diet in Osteoporosis Prevention: An Insight in a Peri- and Post-Menopausal Population.
Quattrini, S, Pampaloni, B, Gronchi, G, Giusti, F, Brandi, ML
Nutrients. 2021;13(2)
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Osteoporosis (OP) is a public health problem in western countries and steadily increasing worldwide. Management and prevention of osteoporosis starts with lifestyle, and diet is of critical interest because it is one of the few safely modifiable risk factors. Several different nutrients, especially calcium are essential for bone and mineral metabolism. It has been observed that the incidence of OP is lower in the Mediterranean area. This prospective observational study looks at the relationship between Mediterranean diet (MD), calcium intake and bone health. Two hundred peri- and post-menopausal women aged 30-80 years, took part. Their adherence to the MD and dietary calcium intake were evaluated by a first visit and a follow-up visit, through questionnaires. Although not statistically significant, in both visits a slight increase in calcium intake was observed for high adherence to MD diet. However, it did highlight the importance of preventive action such as a 15–20 min nutritional conversation to improve lifestyle habits. A cause-effect relationship between MD adherence and calcium intake could not be established by this study, a randomized controlled trial would be useful to gather more data.
Abstract
Osteoporosis represent a widespread public health problem. The management and prevention of osteoporosis and related low energy fractures start with a correct lifestyle and proper nutrition. Several different nutrients are essential for bone and mineral metabolism, especially calcium. Nevertheless, a well-balanced nutrition, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), proved to be beneficial for several chronic diseases and also fragility fractures resulted lower in the Mediterranean area. A prospective observational study in a population of two hundred peri- and post-menopausal women (aged 30-80 years) was developed at Careggi hospital, Florence. Both MD adherence and dietary calcium intake were evaluated in occasion of a "first visit" and a "follow-up" visit, through validated questionnaires. From a descriptive point of view, although not statistically significant, in both visits a slight increase in calcium intake was observed for high adherence to MD diet. Moreover, a short nutritional interview (20 min) was applied in our population and demonstrated to be sufficient to significantly improve MD adherence level (mean score at T0 = 6.98 ± 1.74 and T1 = 7.53 ± 1.68), opening promising paths in osteoporosis prevention.
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Changes of Physical Activity and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Adolescents from Different Countries during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study.
Ruíz-Roso, MB, de Carvalho Padilha, P, Matilla-Escalante, DC, Brun, P, Ulloa, N, Acevedo-Correa, D, Arantes Ferreira Peres, W, Martorell, M, Rangel Bousquet Carrilho, T, de Oliveira Cardoso, L, et al
Nutrients. 2020;12(8)
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As a result of global lockdowns due to Covid-19, activity and diets may have changed amongst many individuals especially with consumption of ultra-processed foods and physical activity. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how diet and activity may have been impacted amongst adolescents from several countries in Europe and Latin America during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that amongst the 726 adolescents studied physical inactivity increased from 73% to 79.5% and that Latin America was the hardest hit with an increased inactivity from 40.9% before to 93% during the pandemic and it was observed that living in Latin America was associated with habitually eating ultra-processed foods. It was concluded that Covid-19 lockdown worsened physical activity levels especially in Latin America and that ultra-processed food consumption was increased. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle during periods of social isolation.
Abstract
AIM: to describe physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption, their changes and sociodemographic predictors among adolescents from countries in Europe (Italy and Spain) and Latin America (Brazil, Chile, and Colombia) during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic period. METHODS Cross-sectional study via web survey. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and weekly ultra-processed food consumption data were used. To compare the frequencies of physical activity status with sociodemographic variables, a multinomial logistic and a multiple logistic regression for habitual ultra-processed foods was performed. In final models, p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Sample of 726 adolescents, mostly females (59.6%) aged 16-19 years old (54.3%). Adolescents from Latin America presented odds ratio (OR) 2.98 (CI 95% 1.80-4.94) of being inactive and those whose mothers had higher level of education were less active during lockdown [OR 0.40 (CI 95% 0.20-0.84)]. The habitual ultra-processed consumption was also high during this period in all countries, and more prevalent in Latin America. CONCLUSION A higher prevalence of inactivity was observed in this population, but reductions of physical activity and habitual ultra-processed consumption during the pandemic were more pronounced in Latin America. Our findings reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle, i.e., exercise and diet, during periods of social isolation.
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A cross-sectional study: Associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cui, M, Gang, X, Wang, G, Xiao, X, Li, Z, Jiang, Z, Wang, G
Medicine. 2020;99(2):e18708
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Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass, decrease of muscle strength and decline of physical performance and is related to reduced physical ability, impaired cardiorespiratory function, disability and death in the elderly. Type 2 diabetics are at higher risk of developing sarcopenia. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of sarcopenia in elderly type 2 diabetics in the Northeast of China. 132 participants completed the study which was based on self-reported medical and lifestyle history, and clinical evaluations including measurements of weight, height and muscle strength, imaging to establish sarcopenia and blood tests. 28.8% of participants had sarcopenia. Age, increased truncal fat mass and increased free thyroxine increased the risk of sarcopenia, whilst regular exercise, being female, taking metformin, a higher body mass index and increased trunk skeletal mass were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. The authors point out that limitations include the small sample size and that, as this is a cross-sectional study, cause and effect cannot be established.
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome and it impairs physical function. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of general information and metabolic factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM in the northeast of China, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Patients with T2DM aged ≥65 were recruited in Changchun from March 2017 to February 2018. Questionnaires of general information, physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination were conducted. The patients were assigned into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS), and the differences between 2 groups were analyzed.A total of 132 participants were included in this study, of which, 38 (28.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. 94 (71.2%) were with no sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.182, 95%CI: 1.038-1.346), trunk fat mass (TFM) (OR: 1.499, 95%CI: 1.146-1.960) and free thyroxine (FT4) (OR: 1.342, 95%CI: 1.102-1.635) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. BMI (body mass index) (OR: 0.365, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661), exercise (OR: 0.016, 95%CI: 0.001-0.169), female (OR: 0.000, 95%CI: 0.00-0.012), metformin (OR: 0.159, 95%CI: 0.026-0.967) and TSM (trunk skeletal muscle mass) (OR: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661) were protective factors for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia in patients with T2DM is associated with increased age, increased TFM and increased FT4 level. Regular exercise, female, metformin administrations, high BMI and increased TSM are associated with lower risk of sarcopenia.
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Association of resting heart rate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women.
Kim, HB, Lee, YJ
Medicine. 2020;99(14):e19529
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by accumulation of fats in the liver and is particularly prevalent in postmenopausal women, due to a decrease in oestrogen, which leads to weight gain. Higher than normal resting heart rate has been shown to be a predictor of heart disease, however studies that look at the relationship between heart rate and NAFLD are lacking. This cross-sectional, observation study of 1315 postmenopausal women aimed to look at the relationship between resting heart rate and NAFLD. The results showed that the overall prevalence of NAFLD was increased with increased resting heart rate. It was concluded that resting heart rate was associated with NAFLD in postmenopausal women and it could be used as an additional predictor for risk of the disease. This study could be used by healthcare practitioners to understand the possible relationship between resting heart rate and the risk of developing NAFLD.
Abstract
Resting heart rate, a simple and useful indicator of autonomic function, and its imbalance has emerged as an independent predictor of cardio metabolic diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly being diagnosed worldwide and is strongly associated with the features of cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between resting heart rate and NAFLD in postmenopausal women.The cross-sectional study included 1017 postmenopausal women aged ≥46 years, who attended a health examination program. Resting heart rate and NAFLD were measured in all subjects who underwent a medical examination. Resting heart rate quartiles were categorized as follows: Q1: 56 to 65, Q2: 66 to 71, Q3: 72 to 78, and Q4: 79 to 99 beats/min. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD were calculated after adjusting for confounding variables across resting heart rate quartiles using multiple logistic regression analysis.The prevalence of NAFLD increased with increasing resting heart rate quartiles: 28.2% for Q1, 31.5% for Q2, 33.4% for Q3, and 38.1% for Q4 (P < .001). Compared to the 1st quartile, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of NAFLD in the 4th quartile of resting heart rates was 2.11 (1.17-3.42) after adjusting for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, regular exercise, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels.Resting heart rate was positively associated with NAFLD in postmenopausal women, suggesting that it could be a useful additional measure to assess the risk for NAFLD in postmenopausal women.