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β-Lactolin Enhances Neural Activity, Indicated by Event-Related P300 Amplitude, in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Kanatome, A, Ano, Y, Shinagawa, K, Ide, Y, Shibata, M, Umeda, S
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2021;(2):787-796
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that dairy product consumption is beneficial for cognitive function in elderly individuals. β-lactolin is a Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr lacto-tetrapeptide rich in fermented dairy products that improves memory retrieval, attention, and executive function in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and prevents the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in rodents. There has been no study on the effects of β-lactolin on neural activity in humans. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of β-lactolin on neural activity and cognitive function in healthy adults. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 30 participants (45-64 years old) consumed β-lactolin or placebo for 6 weeks. Neural activity during auditory and language tasks was measured through 64-channel electroencephalography. Moreover, verbal fluency tests were performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. RESULTS The β-lactolin group had a significantly higher P300 amplitude at the Cp2 site (a part of the parietal lobe near the center of brain, p = 0.011), and C4 site (the area between the frontal and parietal lobe, p = 0.02) during the auditory tasks after 6 weeks than the placebo group. Thus, β-lactolin supplementation promoted neural activity in the parietal area, which increases concentration and attention during auditory cognitive tasks. Compared with the placebo group, the β-lactolin group also showed significant changes in the scores of verbal fluency test after 6 weeks (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of β-lactolin on attention in healthy adults.
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Muscle-targeted nutritional support for rehabilitation in patients with parkinsonian syndrome.
Barichella, M, Cereda, E, Pinelli, G, Iorio, L, Caroli, D, Masiero, I, Ferri, V, Cassani, E, Bolliri, C, Caronni, S, et al
Neurology. 2019;(5):e485-e496
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of muscle-targeted nutritional support on the functional outcomes of multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) or parkinsonism. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic, bicentric, randomized (1:1), assessor-blind controlled trial (Protein, Leucine and Vitamin D Enhancing Rehabilitation [PRO-LEADER]; April 2017 to January 2018) in cognitively intact patients with PD or parkinsonism and undergoing a 30-day MIRT. Patients (n = 150) received a standard hospital diet with or without a whey protein-based nutritional supplement enriched with leucine and vitamin D twice daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was the increase in the distance walked during a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Secondary endpoints were changes in 4-meter walking speed, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Berg balance scale, handgrip strength, Self-assessment Parkinson's Disease Disability Scale, body weight, and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). RESULTS Nutritional support resulted in greater increase in the distance walked during 6MWT (mean 69.6 meters [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.7-78.6]) than no support (51.8 meters [95% CI 37.0-66.7]): center-adjusted mean difference, 18.1 meters (95% CI 0.9-35.3) (p = 0.039). Further adjustment for changes in dopaminergic therapy and SMM yielded consistent results: mean difference, 18.0 meters (95% CI 0.7-35.2) (p = 0.043). A meaningful effect was also found for the following secondary endpoints: 4-meter walking speed (p = 0.032), TUG (p = 0.046), SMM, and SMM index (p = 0.029). Six patients discontinued the nutritional therapy due to mild side effects. CONCLUSION The consumption of a whey protein-based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D with MIRT improved lower extremity function and preserved muscle mass in patients with PD or parkinsonism.Clinicaltrials.gov IDENTIFIER NCT03124277. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with parkinsonism undergoing intensive rehabilitation, a whey protein-based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D increased distance walked on the 6MWT.