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Effects of Acute Dance and Aerobic Exercise on Drug Craving and Food Reward in Women with Methamphetamine Dependence.
Zhou, YU, Finlayson, G, Liu, X, Zhou, Q, Liu, T, Zhou, C
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2021;(11):2245-2253
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug dependence causes an overestimation of drug-related stimuli and an underestimation of non-drug-related stimuli, such as food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute moderate-intensity dance and aerobic exercise on drug craving, appetite, prefrontal neural activation to food cues, and food reward in women with methamphetamine MA dependence. METHODS Thirty-nine women who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition MA dependence criteria participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to either a dance (n = 20) or exercise (n = 19) group. A moderate-intensity (65%-75% maximum heart rate) 35-min dance or treadmill intervention counterbalanced with a reading control session was conducted. After the intervention or control, subjective drug craving was measured before and after exposure to drug-related cues. Visual analog scales were used to measure subjective feelings of appetite. Participants then completed a visual food cue paradigm while using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor prefrontal blood oxygen changes. Finally, the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire was used to measure reward responses to different categories of food. RESULTS The results showed that the dance and exercise interventions reduced subjective craving for drugs after being exposed to drug cues (P = 0.019). Implicit wanting (P < 0.001) and relative preferences (P = 0.001) for high-calorie savory foods were all increased after interventions relative to control. Compared with the control session, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P = 0.020) was activated when viewing high-calorie foods after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. CONCLUSIONS The current results support the use of moderate-intensity exercise as a therapeutic intervention to restore the balance between drug and nondrug rewards by decreasing cue-induced MA craving and increasing food reward.
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White matter plasticity in healthy older adults: The effects of aerobic exercise.
Mendez Colmenares, A, Voss, MW, Fanning, J, Salerno, EA, Gothe, NP, Thomas, ML, McAuley, E, Kramer, AF, Burzynska, AZ
NeuroImage. 2021;:118305
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Abstract
White matter deterioration is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. It is critical to identify interventions that can slow down white matter deterioration. So far, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of aerobic exercise on the adult white matter using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Here, we report the effects of a 6-month aerobic walking and dance interventions (clinical trial NCT01472744) on white matter integrity in healthy older adults (n = 180, 60-79 years) measured by changes in the ratio of calibrated T1- to T2-weighted images (T1w/T2w). Specifically, the aerobic walking and social dance interventions resulted in positive changes in the T1w/T2w signal in late-myelinating regions, as compared to widespread decreases in the T1w/T2w signal in the active control. Notably, in the aerobic walking group, positive change in the T1w/T2w signal correlated with improved episodic memory performance. Lastly, intervention-induced increases in cardiorespiratory fitness did not correlate with change in the T1w/T2w signal. Together, our findings suggest that white matter regions that are vulnerable to aging retain some degree of plasticity that can be induced by aerobic exercise training. In addition, we provided evidence that the T1w/T2w signal may be a useful and broadly accessible measure for studying short-term within-person plasticity and deterioration in the adult human white matter.
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Higher-protein intake improves body composition index in female collegiate dancers.
Brown, AF, Welsh, T, Panton, LB, Moffatt, RJ, Ormsbee, MJ
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2020;(5):547-554
Abstract
Aesthetic athletes strive to attain an ideal body image and the physical demands placed on dancers make their body composition and fitness equally as important as their technique. Body composition has shown positive changes in response to increased protein intake and may improve aesthetics of dance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which supplemental whey protein (PRO) would improve body composition in female collegiate dancers compared with an isocaloric placebo (PLA). Twenty-one (age, 19.6 ± 1.4 years) female collegiate dancers were randomly assigned to consume PRO or PLA (25 g, 3×/day) for 12 weeks. Laboratory testing at weeks 0, 6, and 12 included 24-h urine collection, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate, and performance. Data were reported as means ± SD. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Body weight, fat mass, and lean soft tissue did not change between groups or over time. Body composition index (BCI = [(LSTpost - LSTpre) + (FMpre - FMpost)]; where LST is lean soft tissue, FM is fat mass, pre is pre-intervention, and post is post-intervention) significantly improved over time in PRO (+0.6 ± 1.9) but not PLA (-1.8 ± 3.1; p = 0.048); however, neither group demonstrated changes in laboratory performance tests. Protein supplementation for 12 weeks significantly improved BCI and provided a simple way to improve the diet in female collegiate dancers. Novelty Twelve weeks of protein supplementation does not change body weight in female collegiate dancers. BCI improves following protein supplementation in female collegiate dancers.
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Effects of Dance/Movement Training vs. Aerobic Exercise Training on cognition, physical fitness and quality of life in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Esmail, A, Vrinceanu, T, Lussier, M, Predovan, D, Berryman, N, Houle, J, Karelis, A, Grenier, S, Minh Vu, TT, Villalpando, JM, et al
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2020;(1):212-220
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is generally accepted that physical activity promotes healthy aging. Recent studies suggest dance could also benefit cognition and physical health in seniors, but many styles and approaches of dance exist and rigorous designs for intervention studies are still scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Dance/Movement Training (DMT) to Aerobic Exercise Training (AET) on cognition, physical fitness and health-related quality of life in healthy inactive elderly. METHODS A single-center, randomized, parallel assignment, open label trial was conducted with 62 older adults (mean age = 67.48 ± 5.37 years) recruited from the community. Participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week (3x/week, 1hr/session) DMT program, AET program or control group. Cognitive functioning, physical fitness and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline (T-0), and post-training (T-12 weeks). RESULTS 41 participants completed the study. Executive and non-executive composite scores showed a significant increase post-training (F(1,37) = 4.35, p = .04; F(1,37) = 7.01, p = .01). Cardiovascular fitness improvements were specific to the AET group (F(2,38) = 16.40, p < .001) while mobility improvements were not group-dependent (10 m walk: F(1,38) = 11.67, p = .002; Timed up and go: F(1,38) = 22.07, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DMT may have a positive impact on cognition and physical functioning in older adults however further research is needed. This study could serve as a model for designing future RCTs with dance-related interventions. REGISTRATION clinicaltrials. gov Identifier NCT02455258.
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Self-Directed Oral Vitamin D Supplementation in Professional Ballet Dancers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study.
Rowan, FE, Benjamin-Laing, H, Kennedy, A, De Medici, A, Beasley, I, Haddad, FS
Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science. 2019;(3):91-96
Abstract
Inadequate levels of vitamin D may lead to poor performance in professional dancers. Therefore, dietary supplementation may be essential in this population. This longitudinal pilot study to a randomized controlled trial assessed dancer compliance with self-directed oral vitamin D supplementation. Seventy-one dancers, 41 females and 30 males with a mean age of 31.1 years, were recruited from The Royal Ballet, London. Baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were measured and dancers were interviewed, examined, and provided with oral supplements for the winter period, November 2011 to March 2012. Dancers with normal serum 25(OH)D levels were provided with maintenance supplements (1,000 IU/ day) and those with insufficient or deficient serum 25(OH)D levels were given a loading dose of 60,000 IU weekly for 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at 1 and 2 years and dancers were sampled for compliance with instructions. Mean compliance during loading and maintenance was 86% and 50%, respectively. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels at start and end of the study period were 79.3 ± 31.6 nmol/L and 78.68 ± 19.8 nmol/L, respectively. Only one-third of dancers with insufficient (N = 5) and deficient (N = 5) serum vitamin D levels improved to normal values. It is concluded that professional ballet dancers demonstrate good compliance with self-directed loading doses of vitamin D supplementation but poor compliance with maintenance doses. Poor maintenance compliance may have accounted for the low rates of serum vitamin D level improvement among dancers with insufficient or deficient levels.
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Acute Caffeine Supplementation Does Not Change Sweat Rate and Blood Pressure in Ballet Dancers: A Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study.
Lira, FS, Rossi, FE, de Oliveira, EP, Marini, ACB, Mota, JF, Pimentel, GD
Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science. 2018;(3):137-141
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effect of oral caffeine supplementation on sweat rate and blood pressure in ballet dancers. A double-blind study with placebo control was conducted with nine professional ballet dancers (average age: 28.5 ± 8.8 years). Oral caffeine supplementation (400 mg per dancer, 6.3 mg/kg, range: 4.9 to 8.6 mg/kg) was ingested one hour before a ballet session that was 5 hours in length. After 3 days a second 5-hour session was performed prior to which a placebo was given to the participants. Body weight, sweat rate, and blood pressure were measured before and after each session. Student's t-tests and ANOVAs were used to assess statistical differences. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05. It was found that acute caffeine supplementation did not change any of the variables when compared to placebo.
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Effects of dancing compared to walking on cardiovascular risk and functional capacity of older women: A randomized controlled trial.
Rodrigues-Krause, J, Farinha, JB, Ramis, TR, Macedo, RCO, Boeno, FP, Dos Santos, GC, Vargas, J, Lopez, P, Grazioli, R, Costa, RR, et al
Experimental gerontology. 2018;:67-77
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is characterized by reductions in lean mass simultaneously to increases in visceral adipose tissue, elevating cardiovascular risk (CVR) and physical dependence. Dancing has been recommended for improving fall-risk and CVR, however, comparisons with traditional exercises are limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of dancing with walking on CVR and functionality of older women. METHODS Thirty sedentary women (65 ± 5 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomized into three groups (n = 10/group): dancing, walking or stretching (active control). All interventions lasted 8 weeks (60 min sessions): dancing/walking 3×/week, stretching 1×/week. Dancing: several styles, no partner. Walking: treadmill, 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Stretching: large muscle groups, no discomfort. Before and after interventions assessments: VO2peak (primary outcome), total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, CRP, TNF-α, waist and hip circumferences, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), muscle thickness, maximal muscle strength/power, static and dynamic balance, gait ability, flexibility, chair-raise and level of physical activity (PA). STATISTICS generalized estimating equations, post-hoc LSD (p < 0.05), SPSS 22.0. RESULTS (Mean-CI): (before vs after): group vs time interaction showed increases in VO2peak (mL·kg-1·min-1) for dancing 23.3 (20.8-25.8) vs 25.6 (23.4-27.8), and walking 23.4 (21.3-25.5) vs 27.0 (25.4-28.6), with no differences for stretching 23.5 (21.3-25.7) vs 23.0 (21.0-24.9). Lower body muscle power and static balance also improved for dancing and walking, but not for stretching. Main time effect showed improvements in CRP, TNF-α, LDL-C, HDL-C, VAT, waist, hip, chair raise, flexibility and level of daily PA for all groups. CONCLUSION Dancing induced similar increases in VO2peak, lower body muscle power and static balance as walking, while the stretching group remained unchanged. Pooled effects showed improvements in body composition, lipid and inflammatory profile, which are supported by increased PA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03262714.
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A dance intervention for cancer survivors and their partners (RHYTHM).
Pisu, M, Demark-Wahnefried, W, Kenzik, KM, Oster, RA, Lin, CP, Manne, S, Alvarez, R, Martin, MY
Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice. 2017;(3):350-359
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a ballroom dance intervention on improving quality of life (QOL) and relationship outcomes in cancer survivors and their partners. METHODS We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with two arms (Restoring Health in You (and Your Partner) through Movement, RHYTHM): (1) immediate dance intervention and (2) delayed intervention (wait-list control). The intervention consisted of 10 private weekly dance lessons and 2 practice parties over 12 weeks. Main outcomes were physical activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), functional capacity (6 Minute Walk Test), QOL (SF-36), Couples' trust (Dyadic Trust Scale), and other dyadic outcomes. Exit interviews were completed by all participating couples. RESULTS Thirty-one women survivors (68% breast cancer) and their partners participated. Survivors were 57.9 years old on average and 22.6% African American. Partners had similar characteristics. RHYTHM had significant positive effects on physical activity (p = 0.05), on the mental component of QOL (p = 0.04), on vitality (p = 0.03), and on the dyadic trust scale (p = 0.04). Couples expressed satisfaction with the intervention including appreciating the opportunity to spend time and exercise together. Survivors saw this light-intensity physical activity as easing them into becoming more physically active. CONCLUSIONS Light intensity ballroom dancing has the potential to improve cancer survivors' QOL. Larger trials are needed to build strong support for this ubiquitous and acceptable activity. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Ballroom dance may be an important tool for cancer survivors to return to a physically active life and improve QOL and other aspects of their intimate life.
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A randomized controlled trial of dance exergaming for exercise training in overweight and obese adolescent girls.
Staiano, AE, Marker, AM, Beyl, RA, Hsia, DS, Katzmarzyk, PT, Newton, RL
Pediatric obesity. 2017;(2):120-128
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BACKGROUND Structured exergaming with prescribed moderate intensity physical activity has reduced adiposity among adolescents. The extent to which adolescents reduce adiposity when allowed to self-select intensity level is not known. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the influence of exergaming on adolescent girls' body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS This randomized controlled trial assigned 41 overweight and obese girls aged 14 to 18 years to group-based dance exergaming (36 h over 3 months) or to a self-directed care control condition. Body size and composition were measured by anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [%fat and bone mineral density {BMD}] and magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiovascular risk factors included blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin. RESULTS Attrition was 5%. Using analysis of covariance controlling for baseline value, age and race, there were no significant condition differences. Per protocol (attended >75%), the intervention group significantly decreased abdominal subcutaneous adiposity and increased trunk and spine BMD (ps < 0.05). Per protocol (>2600 steps/session), the intervention group significantly decreased leg %fat and decreased abdominal subcutaneous and total adiposity (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exergaming reduced body fat and increased BMD among those adolescent girls who adhered. Further research is required before exergaming is recommended in clinical settings.
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The health-enhancing efficacy of Zumba® fitness: An 8-week randomised controlled study.
Domene, PA, Moir, HJ, Pummell, E, Knox, A, Easton, C
Journal of sports sciences. 2016;(15):1396-404
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a holistic understanding of the efficacy of Zumba® fitness in a community-recruited cohort of overweight and physically inactive women by evaluating (i) its physiological effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers and (ii) its mental health-enhancing effects on factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants were randomly assigned to either engagement in one to two 1 h classes of Zumba® fitness weekly (intervention group; n = 10) or maintenance of habitual activity (control group; n = 10). Laboratory assessments were conducted pre- (week 0) and post-intervention (week 8) with anthropometric, physiological, inflammatory and HRQoL data collected. In the intervention group, maximal oxygen uptake significantly increased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.56) by 3.1 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1), per cent body fat significantly decreased (P < 0.05; partial η(2) = 0.42) by -1.2%, and interleukin-6 and white blood cell (WBC) count both significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by -0.4 pg · mL(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.96) and -2.1 × 10(9) cells · L(-1) (partial η(2) = 0.87), respectively. Large magnitude enhancements were observed in the HRQoL factors of physical functioning, general health, energy/fatigue and emotional well-being. When interpreted in a community-based physical activity and psychosocial health promotion context, our data suggest that Zumba® fitness is indeed an efficacious health-enhancing activity for adults.