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The beneficial effect of Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation as a potential adjunct treatment in episodic migraines.
Kelishadi, MR, Naeini, AA, Khorvash, F, Askari, G, Heidari, Z
Scientific reports. 2022;12(1):271
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Migraine and headaches can be a seriously debilitating disorder for those who suffer from them. The exact cause is still unknown; however, it is thought that inflammation in the body and the blood vessels which serve the brain may be part of the problem. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a nutrient that is found in foods such as broccoli and organ meats and it is also produced within the body. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may be of benefit to those individuals who have headaches and migraines. This 12-week randomised control study of 92 individuals with migraine aimed to determine the effects of ALA supplementation on measures of inflammation in the blood vessels and symptoms. The results showed that oxygen passage to the brain was improved, which resulted in an improvement to migraine severity and frequency. It was concluded that ALA supplementation could be considered a possible migraine treatment in conjunction with regular pain medications for migraine symptoms. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to recommend the consumption of ALA as part of migraine management.
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on lactate, nitric oxide (NO), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels, and clinical symptoms in women with episodic migraines. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ninety-two women with episodic migraines participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg/day ALA or placebo, twice per day for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes included headache severity, headache frequency per month, and duration of attacks and the secondary outcomes included lactate (a marker of mitochondrial function), NO, and VCAM-1 serum levels were measured at baseline and the end of the intervention. At the end of the study, there was a significant decrease in lactate serum levels (- 6.45 ± 0.82 mg/dl vs - 2.27 ± 1.17 mg/dl; P = 0.039) and VCAM-1 (- 2.02 ± 0.30 ng/ml vs - 1.21 ± 0.36 ng/ml; P = 0.025) in the ALA as compared to the placebo group. In addition, the severity (P < 0.001), frequency (P = 0.001), headache impact test (HIT-6) (P < 0.001), headache dairy results (HDR) (P = 0.003), and migraine headache index score (MHIS) (P < 0.001) had significantly decreased in the intervention as compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed for NO levels and duration of migraine pains. ALA supplementation can be considered a potential adjunct treatment in patients with migraine due to its improving mitochondrial and endothelial functions and clinical symptoms.
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The Effects of Dairy Product and Dairy Protein Intake on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Nieman, KM, Anderson, BD, Cifelli, CJ
Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2021;40(6):571-582
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Systemic inflammation contributes to the risk and progression of chronic disease, which is in turn influenced by several factors including diet. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dairy products and dairy protein on markers of inflammation in adults that do not have inflammatory-related disorders. The authors analysed 27 previous randomised controlled trial, of which 19 looked at dairy products, and eight looked at dairy protein (casein or whey). In the trials which evaluated dairy products, 10 reported no effect of the intervention, while eight reported a reduction in at least one biomarker of inflammation. All eight trials that investigated dairy protein intake on markers of inflammation reported no effect. The researchers concluded that the available literature suggests that dairy products and dairy proteins have neutral to beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation. Additional clinical studies designed using inflammatory biomarkers as the primary outcome are needed to fully understand the effects of dairy intake on inflammation.
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with obesity and chronic disease risk. Intake of dairy foods is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of dairy foods on inflammation is not well-established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dairy product (milk, cheese, and yogurt) and dairy protein consumption on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults without severe inflammatory disorders. A literature search was completed in September 2019 using PubMed and CENTRAL as well as inspection of reference lists from relevant review articles. The search resulted in the identification of 27 randomized controlled trials which were included in this analysis. In the 19 trials which evaluated dairy products, 10 reported no effect of the intervention, while 8 reported a reduction in at least one biomarker of inflammation. All 8 trials that investigated dairy protein intake on markers of inflammation reported no effect of the intervention. The available literature suggests that dairy products and dairy proteins have neutral to beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation. Additional clinical studies designed using inflammatory biomarkers as the primary outcome are needed to fully elucidate the effects of dairy intake on inflammation.
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Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis.
Ko, SH, Chi, CC, Yeh, ML, Wang, SH, Tsai, YS, Hsu, MY
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2019;7:CD011972
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Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that results in patches of dry, scaly skin that can be itchy or sore. This Cochrane Database Systematic Review aimed to review and assess the effects of lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption and exercise on the severity of psoriasis. The study authors examined the research evidence up to July 2018. 10 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 163 participants were included in the qualitative analysis, and 6 studies in the meta-analysis. Most of the studies included co-interventions such as medication or light therapy. The authors didn’t find any RCTs for smoking cessation or reduced alcohol consumption. Dietary interventions (low-calorie diets, based on the Ornish diet or South Beach diet) were likely to result in a 75% improvement in severity of psoriasis symptoms in obese people after 6 months. A combined low-calorie diet and exercise programme improved the severity of psoriasis compared to providing information on weight loss to improve psoriasis, although the difference wasn’t statistically significant. Participants generally adhered well to the lifestyle interventions assessed in the review. The authors concluded that the body of evidence regarding the effects of lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis is limited. More trials are needed on the effects of different dietary interventions such as vegetarian or ketogenic diets, different types of exercise programmes (e.g. yoga, walking, jogging) and whether other lifestyle changes such as reducing smoking and alcohol consumption, or stress management techniques are effective.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that presents with itching, red, scaling plaques; its worsening has been associated with obesity, drinking, smoking, lack of sleep, and a sedentary lifestyle. Lifestyle changes may improve psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of lifestyle changes for psoriasis, including weight reduction, alcohol abstinence, smoking cessation, dietary modification, exercise, and other lifestyle change interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to July 2018: the Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS. We also searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Airiti Library, and five trials registers up to July 2018. We checked the references of included trials for further relevant trials, and we asked the authors of the included trials if they were aware of any relevant unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of lifestyle changes (either alone or in combination) for treating psoriasis in people diagnosed by a healthcare professional. Treatment had to be given for at least 12 weeks. Eligible comparisons were no lifestyle changes or another active intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcome measures were 'Severity of psoriasis' and 'Adherence to the intervention'. Secondary outcomes were 'Quality of life', 'Time to relapse', and 'Reduction in comorbidities'. We used GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We included 10 RCTs with 1163 participants (mean age: 43 to 61 years; 656 men and 478 women were reported). Six trials examined the effects of dietary intervention (low-calorie diet) in 499 obese participants (mean age: 44.3 to 61 years; where reported, 395 had moderate-to-severe psoriasis). One trial assessed a combined dietary intervention and exercise programme in 303 obese participants with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who had started a systemic therapy for psoriasis and had not achieved clearance after four weeks of continuous treatment (median age: 53 years). Another trial assessed a walking exercise and continuous health education in 200 participants (mean age: 43.1 years, severity not reported). Finally, two trials included education programmes promoting a healthy lifestyle in 161 participants (aged 18 to 78 years), with one trial on mild psoriasis and the other trial not reporting severity.Comparisons included information only; no intervention; medical therapy alone; and usual care (such as continuing healthy eating).All trials were conducted in hospitals and treated participants for between 12 weeks and three years. One trial did not report the treatment period. Seven trials measured the outcomes at the end of treatment and there was no additional follow-up. In two trials, there was follow-up after the treatment ended. Five trials had a high risk of performance bias, and four trials had a high risk of attrition bias.We found no trials assessing interventions for alcohol abstinence or smoking cessation. No trials assessed time to relapse. Only two trials assessed adverse events; in one trial these were caused by the add-on therapy ciclosporin (given in both groups). The trial comparing two dietary interventions to a no-treatment group observed no adverse events.The results presented in this abstract are based on trials of obese participants.Outcomes for dietary interventions versus usual care were measured 24 weeks to six months from baseline. Compared to usual care, dietary intervention (strict caloric restriction) may lead to 75% or greater improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) (risk ratio (RR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 2.58; 2 trials, 323 participants; low-quality evidence). Adherence to the intervention may be greater with the dietary intervention than usual care, but the 95% CI indicates that the dietary intervention might also make little or no difference (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.09; 2 trials, 105 participants; low-quality evidence). Dietary intervention probably achieves a greater improvement in dermatology quality-of-life index (DLQI) score compared to usual care (MD -12.20, 95% CI -13.92 to -10.48; 1 trial, 36 participants; moderate-quality evidence), and probably reduces the BMI compared to usual care (MD -4.65, 95% CI -5.93 to -3.36; 2 trials, 78 participants; moderate-quality evidence).Outcomes for dietary interventions plus exercise programme were measured 16 weeks from baseline and are based on one trial (303 participants). Compared to information only (on reducing weight to improve psoriasis), combined dietary intervention and exercise programme (dietetic plan and physical activities) probably improves psoriasis severity, but the 95% CI indicates that the intervention might make little or no difference (PASI 75: RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.98). This combined intervention probably results in a greater reduction in BMI (median change -1.10 kg/m², P = 0.002), but there is probably no difference in adherence (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.01; 137/151 and 145/152 participants adhered in the treatment and control group, respectively). There were no data on quality of life. These outcomes are based on moderate-quality evidence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Dietary intervention may reduce the severity of psoriasis (low-quality evidence) and probably improves quality of life and reduces BMI (moderate-quality evidence) in obese people when compared with usual care, while combined dietary intervention and exercise programme probably improves psoriasis severity and BMI when compared with information only (moderate-quality evidence). None of the trials measured quality of life.We did not detect a clear difference in treatment adherence between those in the combined dietary intervention and exercise programme group and those given information only (moderate-quality evidence). Adherence may be improved through dietary intervention compared with usual care (low-quality evidence). Participants generally adhered well to the lifestyle interventions assessed in the review.No trials assessed the time to relapse. Trial limitations included unblinded participants and high dropout rate.Future trials should reduce dropouts and include comprehensive outcome measures; they should examine whether dietary intervention with or without an exercise programme is effective in non-obese people with psoriasis, whether an additional exercise programme is more effective than dietary intervention alone, whether the time to relapse prolongs in people who receive dietary intervention with or without exercise programme, and whether smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence are effective in treating psoriasis.
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Nutritional strategies for psoriasis: current scientific evidence in clinical trials.
Zuccotti, E, Oliveri, M, Girometta, C, Ratto, D, Di Iorio, C, Occhinegro, A, Rossi, P
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2018;22(23):8537-8551
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Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that results in patches of dry, scaly skin that can be itchy or sore. This review looked at the evidence for a variety of nutritional and herbal strategies for reducing the risk and severity of psoriasis. Obesity is associated with both an increased risk of psoriasis, and increased severity of the disease, with obese patients being twice as likely to suffer from psoriasis as people of normal weight. Abdominal obesity in particular is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to immune dysregulation. In obese patients, weight reduction via a low-calorie diet has been shown to reduce the severity of psoriasis. A Mediterranean-style diet, rich in extra virgin olive oil, fish, fruit vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds is associated with a lower incidence of psoriasis. In contrast, a diet high in simple carbohydrates, high in arachidonic acid, and a low omega 3: omega 6 ratio is likely to drive inflammation, worsening severity of the disease. The microbiota plays a role in the development of psoriasis, with disruption of the gut and skin microbiomes both associated with psoriasis. In particular, psoriasis patients have a reduced abundance of Akkermansia muciniphilia in their gut. Several Lactobacillus strains have demonstrated potential for therapeutic effects in psoriasis patients when taken as a supplement. Common nutritional supplements used by psoriasis patients are fish oil, selenium, and zinc. In a review of the efficacy of fish oil supplementation, 12 of 15 trials showed a benefit. The evidence for zinc supplementation is less robust. There is limited data on the effectiveness of selenium supplementation, however low serum selenium levels are associated with increased psoriasis severity. Vitamin D levels are lower in psoriasis patients and correlate with disease severity. In individuals who are deficient, supplementing with vitamin D may prevent psoriasis-related comorbidities. Amongst the herbal and botanical remedies studied, neem, turmeric, Tripterygium wilfordii (Thunder God Vine), and the carotenoid-rich alga Dunaliella bardawil may reduce the severity of psoriasis. The review authors concluded that an integrated multidisciplinary approach should be considered for the management of psoriasis patients. Education to modify lifestyle and environmental risk factors is important. A collaboration between nutritionists and medical specialists with a holistic approach may be useful for psoriasis patients.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several nutritional strategies for the management of psoriasis are promising. Even if recent data support that nutrition may play a pivotal role in prevention and co-treatment and despite patient's concerns regarding the best nutritional habits, the consensus regarding the nutritional strategies to be adopted lacks in clinical settings. In this manuscript, the effects of several nutritional strategies for psoriasis patients such as hypocaloric diet, vitamin D, fish oil, selenium, and zinc supplementation were systematically reviewed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on beneficial botanical oral supplements were also included in the analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each topic, a search was conducted in MEDLINE electronic databases for articles published in English between January 1, 1990 and September 2018. Two independent reviewers assessed and extracted the data. Only controlled clinical trials were selected. RESULTS The evidence regarding the current nutritional strategies for psoriasis patients were summarized and translated into a global, comprehensible recommendation. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss combined with a healthy lifestyle was shown to be very beneficial for patients with moderate to severe disease with a significant reduction of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Currently, oral vitamin D supplementation for prevention or treatment of psoriasis in adults with normal vitamin D levels is not recommended; however, psoriasis patients with a deficit in plasma vitamin D levels are advised to complement with oral supplements to prevent psoriasis-related comorbidities. Instead of zinc, selenium, and omega 3 supplements have been proven beneficial for psoriasis patients. Among botanical species, Dunaliella bardawil (D. bardawil), Tripterygium wilfordii (T. wilfordii), Azadirachta indica (A. indica), Curcuma longa (C. longa), and HESA-A are the most beneficial. In conclusion, a close cooperation between nutritionists and dermatologists may be useful for the management of psoriasis.
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Long-term outcome of patients with steroid-refractory acute severe UC treated with ciclosporin or infliximab.
Laharie, D, Bourreille, A, Branche, J, Allez, M, Bouhnik, Y, Filippi, J, Zerbib, F, Savoye, G, Vuitton, L, Moreau, J, et al
Gut. 2018;67(2):237-243
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Intravenous steroids are the first-line therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who are hospitalised during a severe UC flare-up. In the 40% of patients who don’t respond to steroids, the drugs ciclosporin and infliximab have been found to be efficient in preventing surgery to remove part or all of the colon, but there is a lack of data on the long-term outcomes of using these medications in UC patients. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcome of patients included in a randomised trial comparing ciclosporin and infliximab. Between 2007 and 2010, 115 patients with UC that did not respond to steroids were randomised to receive ciclosporin or infliximab in association with azathioprine. Patients were followed to January 2015 or death. After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, colectomy-free survival rates at 1 and 5 years were, respectively, 70.9% and 61.5% in patients who received ciclosporin and 69.1% and 65.1% in those who received infliximab. Long-term colectomy-free survival was independent from initial treatment. However, a higher proportion of patients initially treated with ciclosporin needed a new treatment compared with those who received infliximab first. The researchers concluded that these results further confirm a similar efficacy and good safety profiles of both drugs.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ciclosporin and infliximab have demonstrated short-term similar efficacy as second-line therapies in patients with acute severe UC (ASUC) refractory to intravenous steroids. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcome of patients included in a randomised trial comparing ciclosporin and infliximab. DESIGN Between 2007 and 2010, 115 patients with steroid-refractory ASUC were randomised in 29 European centres to receive ciclosporin or infliximab in association with azathioprine. Patients were followed until death or last news up to January 2015. Colectomy-free survival rates at 1 and 5 years and changes in therapy were estimated through Kaplan-Meier method and compared between initial treatment groups through log-rank test. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, colectomy-free survival rates (95% CI) at 1 and 5 years were, respectively, 70.9% (59.2% to 82.6%) and 61.5% (48.7% to 74.2%) in patients who received ciclosporin and 69.1% (56.9% to 81.3%) and 65.1% (52.4% to 77.8%) in those who received infliximab (p=0.97). Cumulative incidence of first infliximab use at 1 and 5 years in patients initially treated with ciclosporin was, respectively, 45.7% (32.6% to 57.9%) and 57.1% (43.0% to 69.0%). Only four patients from the infliximab group were subsequently switched to ciclosporin. Three patients died during the follow-up, none directly related to UC or its treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with steroid-refractory ASUC initially treated by ciclosporin or infliximab, long-term colectomy-free survival was independent from initial treatment. These long-term results further confirm a similar efficacy and good safety profiles of both drugs and do not favour one drug over the other. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT: 2006-005299-42; ClinicalTrials.gouv number: NCT00542152; post-results.
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Inflammation and glucose homeostasis are associated with specific structural features among adults without knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study from the osteoarthritis initiative.
Stout, AC, Barbe, MF, Eaton, CB, Amin, M, Al-Eid, F, Price, LL, Lu, B, Lo, GH, Zhang, M, Pang, J, et al
BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2018;19(1):1
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Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) typically present with greater systemic inflammation and impaired glucose homeostasis. Currently it is unclear whether these factors are associated with early-stage OA, namely bone marrow lesions and swelling. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the role of inflammation and glucose homeostasis in early-stage OA. Using baseline data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, 343 participants were enrolled and tested for markers of inflammation and impaired glucose homeostasis. Bone marrow lesions and swelling were also assessed through imaging results. Results indicate that among individuals without OA, those with greater systemic inflammation were more likely to have bone marrow lesions and knee swelling. According to these results, the authors conclude that systemic inflammation and glucose homeostasis are related to structural features of osteoarthritis. Future studies should explore whether these factors are predictive of OA in order to identify therapeutic targets to prevent or delay the onset of knee OA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater age and body mass index are strong risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Older and overweight individuals may be more susceptible to OA because these factors alter tissue turnover in menisci, articular cartilage, and bone via altered glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding the role of inflammation and glucose homeostasis on structural features of early-stage OA may help identify therapeutic targets to delay or prevent the onset of OA among subsets of adults with these features. We examined if serum concentrations of glucose homeostasis (glucose, glycated serum protein [GSP]) or inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) were associated with prevalent knee bone marrow lesions (BMLs) or effusion among adults without knee OA. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. We selected participants who had no radiographic knee OA but were at high risk for knee OA. Blinded staff conducted assays for CRP, GSP, and glucose. Readers segmented BML volume and effusion using semi-automated programs. Our outcomes were prevalent BML (knee with a BML volume > 1 cm3) and effusion (knee with an effusion volume > 7.5 cm3). We used logistic regression models with CRP, GSP, or glucose concentrations as the predictors. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores. RESULTS We included 343 participants: mean age = 59 ± 9 years, BMI = 27.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2, PASE score = 171 ± 82, and 64% female. Only CRP was associated with BML prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.87). For effusion, we found an interaction between BMI and CRP: only among adults with a BMI <25 kg/m2 was there a significant trend towards a positive association between CRP and effusion (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.97). We detected a U-shaped relationship between GSP and effusion prevalence. Fasting glucose levels were not significantly associated with the presence of baseline effusion or BML. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals without knee OA, CRP may be related to the presence of BMLs and effusion among normal weight individuals. Abnormal GSP may be associated with effusion. Future studies should explore whether inflammation and glucose homeostasis are predictive of symptomatic knee OA.
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Association of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters with C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in middle-aged and older adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study.
Syauqy, A, Hsu, CY, Rau, HH, Chao, JC
Nutrition journal. 2018;17(1):106
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Metabolic syndrome, which is classified as having high blood pressure, obesity, high blood glucose and high cholesterol, is believed to be a consequence of the Westernised diet and lifestyle, which has become increasingly common place in several countries worldwide. The Westernised diet comprises of a high intake of saturated fats, meats, processed foods, sweets, salt and food additives, all of which can add to the burden of inflammatory processes. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations evident between diet, body composition and metabolic measurements (such as BMI and blood pressure) with inflammatory markers; C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (inflammatory markers that increase in response to inflammation), in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Researchers found that regardless of gender or age, there was a direct association with C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and metabolic syndrome. The subjects who consumed a higher amount of ‘Westernised foods’ showed higher levels of inflammatory markers when compared to those who a consumed a more healthful diet.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is commonly associated with inflammation. The underlying factors of inflammation in metabolic syndrome are not fully understood. The objective of the study was to determine the association of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters with inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 26,016 subjects aged ≥35 y with metabolic syndrome were recruited from Mei Jau institution between 2004 and 2013 for a cross sectional study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters with C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in men and women with metabolic syndrome. Crude and adjusted models were analyzed by gender. RESULTS The western dietary pattern, obesity, high body fat, high waist or hip circumference, and high waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated with increased odds ratios of high CRP and NLR in both genders. High systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high total cholesterol (TC), high serum triglycerides (TG), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly correlated with increased odds ratios of high CRP in both genders. Low HDL-C, high LDL-C, high serum TG, and high FBG were significantly associated with increased odds ratios of high NLR in both genders. However, high systolic (OR = 1.124, 95% CI 1.047-1.206, P < 0.01) or diastolic BP (OR = 1.176, 95% CI 1.087-1.273, P < 0.001) and high TC (OR = 1.138, 95% CI 1.062-1.220, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with increased odds ratios of high NLR only in men. CONCLUSIONS The western dietary pattern, obese-related anthropometric parameters, and most components of metabolic syndrome are positively associated with CRP levels and NLR in men and women with metabolic syndrome.