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Comparison of non-vertebral fracture between minodronate and risedronate therapy in elderly female patients with Alzheimer disease.
Sato, Y, Honda, Y, Iwamoto, J, Amano, N
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2013;(3):346-52
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minodronate is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that is commercially available for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. Preclinical studies demonstrated that minodronate is at least 10 times more potent than alendronate in inhibiting bone resorption in vivo. A high incidence of fractures, particularly of the hip, represents an important problem in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients who are prone to falls and may have osteoporosis. METHODS A total of 256 elderly patients with AD were assigned to daily treatment with 1.0 mg of minodronate or a daily treatment with risedronate combined with daily 1000 IU ergocalciferol and 1200 mg elemental calcium, and followed up for 12 months. RESULTS At baseline, patients of both groups showed low 25-hydroxyvitamin D with compensatory hyperparathyroidism. Non-vertebral fractures occurred in 5 patients in the minodronate group and 7 patients in the risedronate group (5 hip fractures; one fracture each at the distal forearm and pelvis). There was no difference in risk of hip fracture between the two groups (p=.70; odds ratio=0.8). CONCLUSIONS The study medications were well tolerated with relatively few adverse events and were equivalent in reducing the risk of a fracture in elderly patients with AD.
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Sunlight exposure is important for preventing hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or stroke.
Iwamoto, J, Takeda, T, Matsumoto, H
Acta neurologica Scandinavica. 2012;(4):279-84
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypovitaminosis D as a result of malnutrition or sunlight deprivation, increased bone resorption, low bone mineral density (BMD), or an increased risk of falls may contribute to an increased risk of hip fractures in patients with neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy of sunlight exposure for reducing the risk of hip fractures in patients with such neurological diseases. METHODS The English literature was searched using PubMed, and randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of sunlight exposure for reducing the risk of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke were identified. The relative risk and the 95% confidence interval were calculated for individual randomized controlled trials, and a pooled data analysis (meta-analysis) was performed. RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials were identified. Sunlight exposure improved hypovitaminosis D and increased the BMD. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of hip fractures was 0.22 (0.05, 1.01) for Alzheimer's disease, 0.27 (0.08, 0.96) for Parkinson's disease, and 0.17 (0.02, 1.36) for stroke. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) calculated for the pooled data analysis was 0.23 (0.10, 0.56) (P = 0.0012), suggesting a significant risk reduction rate of 77%. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis added additional evidence indicating the efficacy of sunlight exposure for reducing the risk of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
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Amelioration of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D by sunlight exposure in hospitalized, elderly women with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Sato, Y, Iwamoto, J, Kanoko, T, Satoh, K
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 2005;(8):1327-33
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Abstract
UNLABELLED In a random and prospective study, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients were assigned to regular sunlight exposure (n = 132) or sunlight deprivation (n = 132) and followed for 1 year. Serum 25-OHD level increased by 2.2-fold in the sunlight-exposed group. Eleven patients sustained fractures in the sunlight-deprived group, and three fractures occurred among the sunlight-exposed group (p = 0.0362; odds ratio = 3.7). INTRODUCTION A high incidence of fractures, particularly of the hip, represents an important problem in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), who are prone to falls and have osteoporosis. We previously showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency caused by sunlight deprivation with compensatory hyperparathyroidism causes reduced BMD in elderly women with AD. This study was undertaken to address the possibility that sunlight exposure with calcium supplementation may maintain BMD and reduce the incidence of nonvertebral fractures in elderly women with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a random and prospective study, AD patients were assigned to regular sunlight exposure (n = 132) or sunlight deprivation (n = 132) and followed for 1 year. BMD of the second metacarpal bone was measured using a computed X-ray densitometer (CXD). The CXD method measures BMD and cortical thickness at the middle of the second metacarpal bone on a radiogram of the hand and an aluminum step wedge as a standard (20 steps; 1 mm/step). Incidence of nonvertebral fractures in the two patient groups during the 1-year follow-up period was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION At baseline, average hospitalization period was 1.7 years in both groups, and activity of daily living (ADL) was decreased. Patients of both groups showed vitamin D deficiency caused by sunlight deprivation and decreased dietary intake of vitamin D with compensatory hyperparathyroidism. The exposed group patients were exposed to sunlight (3615 minutes/year). BMD increased by 2.7% in the sunlight-exposed group and decreased by 5.6% in the sunlight-deprived group (p < 0.0001). Serum 25-OHD level increased from 24.0 to 52.2 nM in the sunlight-exposed group. Eleven patients sustained fractures in the sunlight-deprived group, and three fractures occurred among the sunlight-exposed group (p = 0.0362; odds ratio = 3.7). Sunlight exposure can increase the BMD of vitamin D-deficient bone by increasing 25-OHD concentration and lead to the prevention of nonvertebral fractures.
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RETRACTED: Menatetrenone and vitamin D2 with calcium supplements prevent nonvertebral fracture in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease.
Sato, Y, Kanoko, T, Satoh, K, Iwamoto, J
Bone. 2005;(1):61-8
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Corresponding Author, Yoshihiro Sato, and the co-authors have been informed. Dr. Sato wishes to retract this article on the grounds that it contains fabricated clinical trial data, which he was responsible for producing. In addition, Dr. Sato claims he listed all of the named co-authors without their consent. The co-authors were therefore unaware of the presence of fabricated data in this publication and their participation in the publication. This retraction was initiated by Dr. Sato, and the Editor-in-Chief of Bone was informed by the author directly.