1.
The impact of nutrition on tendon health and tendinopathy: a systematic review.
Hijlkema, A, Roozenboom, C, Mensink, M, Zwerver, J
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2022;19(1):474-504
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Tendinopathy, which involves persistent tendon pain and loss of function related to mechanical loading, is common in athletes as well as in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of nutrition on the prevention and treatment of tendinopathy in a general human population. This study is a systematic review of nineteen studies. The number of people included in these studies ranged from 50 to 80,106. Results show that: - there wasn’t an association between any of the dietary parameters and Achilles tendon thickness. - despite inconsistent findings on the risk and severity of tendinopathy in humans, there is evidence that alcohol may inhibit collagen synthesis through toxic effects. - collagen seems to be beneficial in the treatment of tendinopathy, but conclusions about optimal dosage, timing, duration, and type of collagen supplementation cannot be drawn yet. - many other nutrients may contribute to collagen synthesis or may have anti-inflammatory effects, so most dietary supplements used in the different studies contained multiple substances. Authors conclude it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions and formulate dietary recommendations on the prevention and treatment of tendinopathy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendinopathy is a painful condition that is prevalent in athletes as well as the general human population, and whose management is challenging. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of nutrition on the prevention and treatment of tendinopathy. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus without restriction to year of publication. Studies examining the impact of exposure to nutrient intake in an adult human population on 1) prevalence/incidence of tendinopathy, 2) clinical outcomes of tendinopathy, 3) structural changes in the tendon by imaging modalities. Experimental and observational study designs written in English, Dutch, or German were eligible. RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The effects of the habitual diet were investigated in one study. Four studies examined the effects of exposure to alcohol. Alcohol consumption can be a potential risk factor associated with Achilles tendinopathy and rotator cuff tears, although findings were inconsistent. The use of dietary supplements was examined in fourteen studies. Among these, collagen-derived peptides were most often part of the supplements evaluated. Combining training and dietary supplements seems to induce better clinical and functional outcomes in tendinopathy. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates the paucity of high-quality studies and a wide variety among studies regarding nutrients, tendon location, study population, and reported outcome measures. Individual studies showed promising clinical implications for the use of dietary supplements, particularly those containing collagen-derived peptides. However, giving any definitive dietary recommendations on the prevention and treatment of tendinopathy remains elusive.
2.
Resistance Training Prevents Muscle Loss Induced by Caloric Restriction in Obese Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Sardeli, AV, Komatsu, TR, Mori, MA, Gáspari, AF, Chacon-Mikahil, MPT
Nutrients. 2018;10(4)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Caloric restriction (55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat) is associated with increased lifespans and the attenuation of the harmful effects of aging. Furthermore, it has been shown that resistance training increases lean body mass, promotes strength, and attenuates muscle loss and function in elderly people. The aim of the study is to determine the level of lean body mass that can be preserved when resistance training is associated with caloric restriction interventions in elderly obese humans. The study is a meta-analysis, based on data from randomised-controlled trials. The participants were older adults or elderly people with a mean age > 57 year. Results indicate that caloric restriction associated with resistance training prevents 93% lean body mass loss induced by caloric restriction. Authors conclude that caloric restriction with resistance training almost stopped caloric restriction induced lean body mass loss completely.
Abstract
It remains unclear as to what extent resistance training (RT) can attenuate muscle loss during caloric restriction (CR) interventions in humans. The objective here is to address if RT could attenuate muscle loss induced by CR in obese elderly individuals, through summarized effects of previous studies. Databases MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were used to perform a systematic search between July and August 2017. Were included in the review randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing the effects of CR with (CRRT) or without RT on lean body mass (LBM), fat body mass (FBM), and total body mass (BM), measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, on obese elderly individuals. The six RCTs included in the review applied RT three times per week, for 12 to 24 weeks, and most CR interventions followed diets of 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. RT reduced 93.5% of CR-induced LBM loss (0.819 kg [0.364 to 1.273]), with similar reduction in FBM and BM, compared with CR. Furthermore, to address muscle quality, the change in strength/LBM ratio tended to be different (p = 0.07) following CRRT (20.9 ± 23.1%) and CR interventions (−7.5 ± 9.9%). Our conclusion is that CRRT is able to prevent almost 100% of CR-induced muscle loss, while resulting in FBM and BM reductions that do not significantly differ from CR.