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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
Moradi, S, Hojjati Kermani, MA, Bagheri, R, Mohammadi, H, Jayedi, A, Lane, MM, Asbaghi, O, Mehrabani, S, Suzuki, K
Nutrients. 2021;13(12)
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The growing incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major healthcare concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to build on previous work by synthesizing the findings of observational studies investigating the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and the risk of T2DM. This study is a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of five studies. Of the five included studies, four were prospective cohort study designs and the other was cross-sectional. Results demonstrate that higher UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Additionally, increasing the intake of processed foods by 10% leads to a 15% increase in the risk of T2DM. A linear positive association was found between UPF intake and the risk of T2DM. Authors conclude by pointing out that to be able to estimate better the actual burden of UPF intakes, new tools should be adapted or progressed to evaluate all UPF consumption dimensions, namely food class, UPF foods specific components, their effects on health and specific processes or additives.
Abstract
(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthesize the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.
2.
[Do children and adolescents who consume ultra-processed foods have a worse lipid profile? A systematic review].
Beserra, JB, Soares, NIDS, Marreiros, CS, Carvalho, CMRG, Martins, MDCCE, Freitas, BJESA, Santos, MMD, Frota, KMG
Ciencia & saude coletiva. 2020;25(12):4979-4989
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The increased addition of ultra-processed ingredients to the food of children and adolescents is related to dislipidemia. This is where there are abnormal levels of fats in the blood. This study is a systemic review on the link between consumption of ultra-processed foods and the blood lipid profiles of children and adolescents. 14 studies were included. 9 showed that consuming ultra-processed food is related to increased LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and a reduction in HDL cholesterol. 3 studies found no relationship and 2 studies demonstrated an improved lipid profile with an increased intake of ready-to-eat cereals. Overall, where there was a high consumption of ultra-processed foods, there was a harmful effect on the blood lipid profiles among children and adolescents. Further studies are needed and interventions such as nutritional education must be considered to reducing the intake of these ultra-processed foods.
Abstract
The increase in the input of ultra-processed ingredients in the food of children and adolescents is related to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as dyslipidemia. The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the lipid profile of children and adolescents. A search in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and LILACS databases was carried out to locate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with or without intervention, in apparently healthy children and/or adolescents, who had the intake of ultra-processed food as an exposure variable and the lipid profile as an outcome. After screening, 14 studies were included, of which nine demonstrated that ultra-processed food consumption was related to increased LDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and a reduction in HDL-c. Three studies found no relationship and two demonstrated that the increased intake of ready-to-eat cereals was related to the decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-c. There was a high consumption of ultra-processed foods and positive relation with blood lipids among children and adolescents, which calls attention to interventions, such as nutritional education, with a view to reducing the intake of these foods. O aumento da participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação de crianças e adolescentes está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de agravos não transmissíveis, como dislipidemia. Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a relação do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o perfil lipídico de crianças e adolescentes. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane e LILACS por estudos com desenhos transversais e longitudinais, com ou sem intervenção; em crianças e/ou adolescentes aparentemente saudáveis, que tivessem a ingestão de alimento ultraprocessado como variável de exposição e o perfil lipídico como desfecho. Após triagem, 14 estudos foram incluídos, destes, nove demonstraram que o consumo de ultraprocessados estava relacionado com o aumento do LDL-c, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e diminuição do HDL-c. Três estudos não encontraram nenhuma relação e dois demonstraram que a maior ingestão de cereais prontos estava relacionada com a diminuição de colesterol total e LDL-c. Observou-se elevado consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e relação positiva com lipídios sanguíneos em crianças e adolescentes o que chama atenção para a realização de intervenções, como educação nutricional, com vistas a reduzir a ingestão desses alimentos.