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Immediate bonding properties of universal adhesives to dentine.
Muñoz, MA, Luque, I, Hass, V, Reis, A, Loguercio, AD, Bombarda, NH
Journal of dentistry. 2013;(5):404-11
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the dentine microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), degree of conversion (DC) within the hybrid layer for etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies of universal simplified adhesive systems. METHODS forty caries free extracted third molars were divided into 8 groups for μTBS (n=5), according to the adhesive and etching strategy: Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] and Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], as controls; Peak Universal Adhesive System, self-etch [PkSe] and etch-and-rinse [PkEr]; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, self-etch [ScSe] and etch-and-rinse [ScEr]; All Bond Universal, self-etch [AlSe] and etch-and-rinse [AlEr]. After restorations were constructed, specimens were stored in water (37°C/24h) and then resin-dentine sticks were prepared (0.8mm(2)). The sticks were tested under tension at 0.5mm/min. Some sticks from each tooth group were used for DC determination by micro-Raman spectroscopy or nanoleakage evaluation (NL). The pH for each solution was evaluated using a pH metre. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS For μTBS, only PkSe and PkEr were similar to the respective control groups (p>0.05). AlSe showed the lowest μTBS mean (p<0.05). For NL, ScEr, ScSe, AlSe, and AlEr showed the lowest NL similar to control groups (p<0.05). For DC, only ScSe showed lower DC than the other materials (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Performance of universal adhesives was shown to be material-dependent. The results indicate that this new category of universal adhesives used on dentine as either etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategies were inferior as regards at least one of the properties evaluated (μTBS, NL and DC) in comparison with the control adhesives (CSE for self-etch and SB for etch-and-rinse).
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Hydrolytic degradation of the resin-dentine interface induced by the simulated pulpal pressure, direct and indirect water ageing.
Feitosa, VP, Leme, AA, Sauro, S, Correr-Sobrinho, L, Watson, TF, Sinhoreti, MA, Correr, AB
Journal of dentistry. 2012;(12):1134-43
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the hydrolytic effects induced by simulated pulpal pressure, direct or indirect water exposure within the resin-dentine interfaces created with three "simplified" resin bonding systems (RBSs). METHODS A two-step/self-etching (CSE: Clearfil SE Bond), one-step/self-etching (S3: Clearfil S3) and etch-and-rinse/self-priming (SB: Single-bond 2) adhesives were applied onto dentine and submitted to three different prolonged (6 or 12 months) ageing strategies: (i) Simulated Pulpal Pressure (SPP); (ii) Indirect Water Exposure (IWE: intact bonded-teeth); (iii) Direct Water Exposure (DWE: resin-dentine sticks). Control and aged specimens were submitted to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage evaluation. Water sorption (WS) survey was also performed on resin disks. Results were analysed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The μTBS of CS3 and SB dropped significantly (p < 0.05) after 6 months of SPP and DWE. CSE showed a significant μTBS reduction only after 12 months of DWE (p = 0.038). IWE promoted no statistical change in μTBS (p > 0.05) and no evident change in nanoleakage. Conversely, SPP induced a clear formation of "water-trees" in CS3 and SB. WS outcomes were CS3 > SB = CSE. CONCLUSION The hydrolytic degradation of resin-dentine interfaces depend upon the type of the in vitro ageing strategy employed in the experimental design. Direct water exposure remains the quickest method to age the resin-dentine bonds. However, the use of SPP may better simulate the in vivo scenario. However, the application of a separate hydrophobic solvent-free adhesive layer may reduce the hydrolytic degradation and increase the longevity of resin-dentine interfaces created with simplified adhesives.
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Nanoleakage inhibition within hybrid layer using new protective chemicals and their effect on adhesion.
Dündar, M, Ozcan, M, Cömlekoglu, ME, Sen, BH
Journal of dental research. 2011;(1):93-8
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Abstract
Hybrid-layer degradation occurs because of acidic properties of currently used adhesive systems. Titanium tetrafluoride couples with tooth surface, and titanium compounds are not substituted. Caffeic acid phenethyl esther inhibits endogenous matrix metalloproteinases that cause hybrid-layer degradation. It was hypothesized that titanium tetrafluoride and caffeic acid phenethyl esther application on exposed dentine surfaces before adhesive applications would inhibit nanoleakage and hybrid-layer degradation without compromising the bond strength of the adhesives. In ultracut thin sections, human dentine-chemical agent-adhesive composite interfaces were observed under transmission electron microscope with complementary scanning electron microscopy. Microtensile bond strength tests were also accomplished. Titanium tetrafluoride and titanium tetrafluoride + caffeic acid phenethyl esther applications decreased bond strength values. Caffeic acid phenethyl esther showed decreased silver nitrate penetration for cements based on Bisphenol glycydilmethacrylate and methyl methacrylate, whereas cement based on 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride methyl methacrylate showed almost no infiltration. Caffeic acid phenethyl esther application before cementation could inhibit nanoleakage and biodegradation of the hybrid layer.
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Effects of ethanol-wet bonding technique on root dentine adhesion.
Duan, SS, Ouyang, XB, Pei, DD, Huo, YH, Pan, QH, Huang, C
The Chinese journal of dental research. 2011;(2):105-11
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ethanol-wet bonding on the adhesion of experimental hydrophobic and commercial hydrophilic adhesives to root dentine. METHODS A total of 43 single-rooted integrated human premolars were selected and sectioned. Of the 86 initially obtained specimens, 66 were randomly and equally divided into water-wet bonding and ethanol-wet bonding groups (n = 33). The specimens of each group were subdivided into three subgroups (n = 11) based on different adhesives: two experimental hydrophobic adhesives (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA, BT; and UDMA/TEGDMA, UT) and one commercial hydrophilic adhesive (Adper™ Single Bond 2, SB). The root surfaces were ground, acid-etched and rinsed and resin composite applied. After storing in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C, the shear bond strength (SBS) of each specimen was measured. A sample from each subgroup was randomly selected and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The remaining 20 specimens were used in the contact angle (CA) experiment, and the values of CA were measured. SBS was analysed with two-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison test and CA with independent sample t test. RESULTS A significant increase in SBS to root dentine was observed in the ethanol-wet bonding group compared with the traditional water-wet bonding group. The experimental hydrophobic adhesives (UT group) with ethanol-wet bonding presented the highest SBS (22.44 ± 3.32 MPa). CA increased significantly after the dentine surfaces were dried, especially for the water-saturated group. CONCLUSION The adhesion to root dentine surfaces with ethanol-wet bonding may be superior to water-wet bonding.
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Bond strength of HEMA-containing versus HEMA-free self-etch adhesive systems to dentin.
Felizardo, KR, Lemos, LV, de Carvalho, RV, Gonini Junior, A, Lopes, MB, Moura, SK
Brazilian dental journal. 2011;(6):468-72
Abstract
This study analyzed the bond strength (BS) of HEMA versus HEMA-free self-etch adhesive systems to dentin. The occlusal surface of 20 third molars was removed and the dentin was abraded with 600-grit silicon carbide paper. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 5) and restored with GO, Adper SE Plus, OptiBond All-In-One, and Clearfil 3S Bond adhesive systems and Filtek Z350 composite. After light curing (600 mW/cm²), the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 ºC for 24 h and were sectioned in the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions to obtain sticks (0.8 mm²). The sticks were subjected to tensile force using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min), and the modes of failure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. The BS data (in MPa) were treated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance. GO presented the lowest mean bond strength value (10.57 ± 3.72) and differed significantly from the other materials (p = 0.001), which, in turn, presented statistically similar results (p>0.05) among themselves: Adper SE Plus (29.08 ± 8.93), OptiBond All-In-One (28.36 ± 6.49), and Clearfil 3S Bond (28.62 ± 6.97). Mixed fractures were the most prevalent. It was concluded that the influence of HEMA on BS to dentin was material dependent.
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Bonding agent underneath sealant: shear bond strength to oil-contaminated.
Borsatto, MC, Thomaz, MY, Contente, MM, Gomes-Silva, JM, Mellara, Tde S, Galo, R, Palma-Dibb, RG
Brazilian dental journal. 2010;(1):50-4
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength of a resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant (Fluroshield - F) associated with either an ethanol-based (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB) or an acetone-based (Prime & Bond - PB) adhesive system under conditions of oil contamination. Mesial and distal enamel surfaces from 30 sound third molars were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=30): I - no oil contamination; II - oil contamination. Contamination (0.25 mL during 10 s) was performed after 37% phosphoric acid etching with an air/oil spray. The specimens were randomly assigned to subgroups, according to the bonding protocol adopted: subgroup A - F was applied to enamel without an intermediate bonding agent layer; In subgroups B and C, SB and PB, respectively, were applied, light-cured, and then F was applied and light-cured. Shear bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. Means (+/- SD) in MPa were: IA-11.28 (+/-1.84); IIA-12.02 (+/-1.15); IB-9.73 (+/-2.38); IIB-9.62 (+/-2.29); IC-28.30 (+/-1.63); and IIC-25.50 (+/-1.91). It may be concluded that the oil contamination affected negatively the sealant bonding to enamel and the acetone-based adhesive system (PB) layer applied underneath the sealant was able to prevent its deleterious effects to adhesion.
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Influence of sodium hypochlorite and edta on the microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system.
Cecchin, D, Farina, AP, Galafassi, D, Barbizam, JV, Corona, SA, Carlini-Júnior, B
Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2010;(4):385-9
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative materials. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface, polished with 600- to 1200-grit silicon carbide papers, and randomly divided into 3 groups: G1 (control): no irrigating solution; G2: 1% NaOCl; and G3: 1% NaOCl followed by the application of 17% EDTA. The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system (XENO III - Dentsply), restored with microhybrid composite resin (Z250 - 3M ESPE), sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth. The slabs were tested in microtensile strength in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS Mean µTBS values and standard deviations in MPa were: G1 = 11.89 ± 4.22; G2 = 19.41 ± 5.32; G3 = 11.34 ± 4.73. 1% NaOCl increased the adhesive resistance significantly (p<0.001/F=22.5763). The application of 1% NaOCl/17% EDTA resulted in statistically similar µTBS to the control group. CONCLUSIONS None of the irrigants affected negatively the µTBS of XENO III to dentin. The use of 1% NaOCl alone resulted in higher bond strength than the other treatments. The combination of 1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA produced similar bond strength to that of untreated dentin.
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Dentin bond strength of a new adhesive system containing calcium phosphate experimentally developed for direct pulp capping.
Shinkai, K, Taira, Y, Suzuki, M, Kato, C, Ebihara, T, Wakaki, S, Seki, H, Shirono, M, Ogisu, T, Yamauchi, J, et al
Dental materials journal. 2009;(6):743-9
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to human dentin of an experimental bonding agent containing calcium phosphates experimentally developed for direct pulp capping. Different concentrations of four types of calcium phosphates were added to an experimental bonding monomer, and six experimental bonding agents were thus prepared. Clearfil SE Bond/Bond was used as the control. Flat dentin surfaces of human molars were assigned to the experimental adhesive systems and the control. After Clearfil SE Bond/Primer was applied to the dentin surface, each experimental bonding agent was applied and photopolymerized, and then a resin composite paste was placed and photopolymerized. The specimens were subjected to microTBS testing. Results revealed that there were no significant differences among the microTBS values of the experimental bonding agents and the control. In other words, the calcium phosphate-containing experimental adhesives did not adversely affect the microTBS to dentin.
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Effects of attrition, prior acid-etching, and cyclic loading on the bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin.
Shinkai, K, Ebihara, T, Shirono, M, Seki, H, Wakaki, S, Suzuki, M, Suzuki, S, Katoh, Y
Dental materials journal. 2009;(2):197-203
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin attrition, phosphoric acid etching, and cyclic loading on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin. Flat dentin surfaces of human molars were assigned to eight experimental groups based on those with or without attrition, prior acid-etching, and cyclic loading. Resin composite paste was placed and polymerized after the bonding procedure according to manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were subjected to microTBS testing at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results showed that the minimum mean value of microTBS was 14.9 MPa in the group without attrition and acid-etching but with loading, while the maximum mean value of microTBS was 40.0 MPa in the group without attrition and loading but with acid etching. Therefore, the value of microTBS to dentin without attrition was significantly decreased by cyclic loading but that to dentin with attrition was not affected.
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Microtensile bond strength of indirect resin composite to resin-coated dentin: interaction between diamond bur roughness and coating material.
Kameyama, A, Oishi, T, Sugawara, T, Hirai, Y
The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College. 2009;(1):13-22
Abstract
This aim of this study was to determine the effect of type of bur and resin-coating material on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of indirect composite to dentin. Dentin surfaces were first ground with two types of diamond bur and resin-coated using UniFil Bond (UB) or Adper Single Bond (SB), and then bonded to a resin composite disc for indirect restoration with adhesive resin cement. After storage for 24 hr in distilled water at 37 degrees C, microTBS was measured (crosshead speed 1 mm/min). When UB was applied to dentin prepared using the regular-grit diamond bur, microTBS was significantly lower than that in dentin prepared using the superfine-grit bur. In contrast, no significant difference was found between regular-grit and superfine-grit bur with SB. However, more than half of the superfine-grit specimens failed before microTBS testing. These results indicate that selection of bur type is important in improving the bond strength of adhesive resin cement between indirect resin composite and resin-coated dentin.