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Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with and without collagen peptides on bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Argyrou, C, Karlafti, E, Lampropoulou-Adamidou, K, Tournis, S, Makris, K, Trovas, G, Dontas, I, Triantafyllopoulos, IK
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2020;(1):12-17
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Collagen peptides (CPs) seem to exert beneficial effects on bone and may have a role as a treatment option. In the present randomized prospective study, we aimed to examine the efficacy, as expressed by changes in P1NP and CTX, and the tolerability of 3-month supplementation of calcium, vitamin D with or without bioactive CPs in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. METHODS Fifty-one female, postmenopausal women with osteopenia were allocated to two groups: Group A received a sachet containing 5 g CPs, 3.6 g calcium lactate (equivalent to 500 mg of elemental calcium) and 400 IU vitamin D3 and group B received a chewable tablet containing 1.25 g calcium carbonate (equivalent to 500 mg of elemental calcium) and 400 IU vitamin D3 daily. RESULTS In group A, the P1NP levels significantly decreased by 13.1% (p<0.001) and CTX levels decreased by 11.4% (p=0.058) within 3 months of supplementation. In group B, P1NP and CTX did not change. Group A presented better compliance in comparison to group B and no adverse events contrary to group B. CONCLUSIONS These findings may reflect the reduction of the increased bone turnover in postmenopausal women with the use of calcium, vitamin D and CPs supplements. The addition of CPs in a calcium and vitamin D supplement may enhance its already known positive effect on bone metabolism. Clinical Trial ID: NCT03999775.
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Effect of Progressive Weight Loss on Lactate Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Chondronikola, M, Magkos, F, Yoshino, J, Okunade, AL, Patterson, BW, Muehlbauer, MJ, Newgard, CB, Klein, S
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2018;(4):683-688
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactate is an intermediate of glucose metabolism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. This study evaluated the relationship between glucose kinetics and plasma lactate concentration ([LAC]) before and after manipulating insulin sensitivity by progressive weight loss. METHODS Forty people with obesity (BMI = 37.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2 ) were randomized to weight maintenance (n = 14) or weight loss (n = 19). Subjects were studied before and after 6 months of weight maintenance and before and after 5%, 11%, and 16% weight loss. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with [6,6-2 H2 ]glucose tracer infusion was used to assess glucose kinetics. RESULTS At baseline, fasting [LAC] correlated positively with endogenous glucose production rate (r = 0.532; P = 0.001) and negatively with insulin sensitivity, assessed as the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (r = -0.361; P = 0.04). Progressive (5% through 16%) weight loss caused a progressive decrease in fasting [LAC], and the decrease in fasting [LAC] after 5% weight loss was correlated with the decrease in endogenous glucose production (r = 0.654; P = 0.002) and the increase in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.595; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the interrelationships among weight loss, hepatic and muscle glucose kinetics, insulin sensitivity, and [LAC], and it suggests that [LAC] can serve as an additional biomarker of glucose-related insulin resistance.
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Single sodium pyruvate ingestion modifies blood acid-base status and post-exercise lactate concentration in humans.
Olek, RA, Kujach, S, Wnuk, D, Laskowski, R
Nutrients. 2014;(5):1981-92
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a single sodium pyruvate ingestion on a blood acid-base status and exercise metabolism markers. Nine active, but non-specifically trained, male subjects participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. One hour prior to the exercise, subjects ingested either 0.1 g·kg(-1) of body mass of a sodium pyruvate or placebo. The capillary blood samples were obtained at rest, 60 min after ingestion, and then three and 15 min after completing the workout protocol to analyze acid-base status and lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glucose concentrations. The pulmonary gas exchange, minute ventilation and the heart rate were measured during the exercise at a constant power output, corresponding to ~90% VO2max. The blood pH, bicarbonate and the base excess were significantly higher after sodium pyruvate ingestion than in the placebo trial. The blood lactate concentration was not different after the ingestion, but the post-exercise was significantly higher in the pyruvate trial (12.9 ± 0.9 mM) than in the placebo trial (10.6 ± 0.3 mM, p < 0.05) and remained elevated (nonsignificant) after 15 min of recovery. The blood pyruvate, alanine and glucose concentrations, as well as the overall pulmonary gas exchange during the exercise were not affected by the pyruvate ingestion. In conclusion, the sodium pyruvate ingestion one hour before workout modified the blood acid-base status and the lactate production during the exercise.
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The relationship between blood lactate, carboxy-hemoglobin and clinical status in CO poisoning.
Kaldirim, U, Yolcu, U, Arziman, I, Eyi, YE, Tuncer, SK
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2014;(19):2777
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to determine the relationship between blood lactate, carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb) levels and the severity of clinical findings in patients with CO poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients over 18 years old and of both gender who were admitted to Emergency Department with the diagnosis of CO poisoning between 10.02.2008 and 17.03.20011 were enrolled in this study. Detailed physical examination of each patient was performed, patients and their relatives were informed about the study and written consents were noted. The levels of consciousness, physical examination findings, electrocardiographic findings, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, laboratory results (lactate, COHb, CK-MB, Troponin-I levels) and applied treatments [normobaric oxygen therapy (NBOT), hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)] were recorded to standart data entry form for each patient. “SPSS for Windows version 18″ package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS Total 201 patients were included in this study. Thirty five patients (17.4%) received HBOT and lactate, COHb, CKMB, Troponin-I levels of this group were higher than the other patients. Lactate and COHb levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with GCS < 15 than the ones with GCS = 15 (p < 0.01). The patients whose both Troponin-I and CK-MB levels increased have higher lactate levels (p = 0.038), but COHb levels of these patients did not change (p = 0.495). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, blood lactate and COHb levels were both correlated with the changes of consciousness in CO poisoning. Blood lactate levels together with COHb in defining indications for HBO treatment might be suggested.
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Calcium pre-rinse greatly increases overnight salivary fluoride after a 228 ppm fluoride rinse.
Vogel, GL, Chow, LC, Carey, CM
Caries research. 2008;(5):401-4
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Large increases in salivary fluoride were reported 1 h after a calcium pre-rinse/NaF rinse. AIMS This study examined the persistence of these increases. METHODS 12 subjects rinsed in the evening with water, with a 228 microg/g (ppm) F rinse or with 150 mmol/l calcium lactate followed by a 228 microg/g F rinse. In a second experiment these same patients rinsed with a 912 microg/g F rinse. Saliva samples were obtained the morning after rinsing, centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed. RESULTS The Ca pre-rinse/228 microg/g F rinse induced an increase in overnight salivary F over the 912 microg/g F rinse (approximately 2.5 times) and a statistically significant increase over the 228 mug/g F rinse (approximately 5.5 times). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a Ca pretreatment may increase the cariostatic effect of topical F agents.
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[Lactate in the brain--without turning sour].
Bergersen, LH
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke. 2006;(16):2094-7
Abstract
The brain's energy metabolism is considered to be completely aerobic, with glucose as the major energy substrate for neurons during both rest and activation. This view has now been challenged, as other energy metabolites are shown to play a more important role in the brain's energy metabolism. During development of the brain both lactate and ketone bodies are used as energy substrates. Lactate and ketone bodies are shown to be important energy metabolites in situations of starvation, hypoglycemia and diabetes. During intense physical activity the brain uses lactate from the circulating blood. Lactate and other monocarboxylates cross cell membranes by interaction with specific proteins; the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCTs are trans-membrane proteins that facilitate cotransport of a monocarboxylate ion with a proton. Whether the transport goes in or out of a brain cell depends on the concentration gradient for the monocarboxylates and the pH-gradient. The brain has been shown to express three different MCTs: MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4. MCT1 is expressed in astrocytes and in microvessel endothelial cells, whilst MCT2 is concentrated in neurons and MCT4 is preferentially expressed in astrocytes. Neurons are considered to be the lactate consuming cells whereas astrocytes are the lactate producers. Lactate may be an important energy substrate for neurons, e.g. in tissue surviving ischemia.
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Diagnostic performance of venous lactate on arrival at the emergency department for myocardial infarction.
Gatien, M, Stiell, I, Wielgosz, A, Ooi, D, Lee, JS
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 2005;(2):106-13
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the sensitivity of the venous lactate level at presentation for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain. METHODS A prospective, double-blind observational study was done in a tertiary care ED. From January to April 2000, all consecutive patients presenting with chest pain were eligible. Lactate level was obtained on arrival and compared with two criterion standards for the diagnosis of AMI: the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee (ESC/ACC) classifications. A lactate level greater than 1.50 mmol/L was considered positive. RESULTS Between January and April 2000, 718 patients were enrolled. By the WHO criteria, 64 patients suffered an AMI, of whom 59 had an elevated lactate level, yielding a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI = 86% to 99%), a specificity of 44% (95% CI = 40% to 48%), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% (95% CI = 97% to 99%). For all patients presenting with more than two hours of chest pain (n=34), the lactate level was elevated. When using the ESC/ACC criteria, 100 patients sustained an AMI, of whom 88 had an elevated lactate level, yielding a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI = 82% to 94%), a specificity of 46% (95% CI = 42% to 50%), and an NPV of 96% (95% CI = 94% to 98%). CONCLUSIONS Venous lactate level at presentation is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of AMI, particularly in patients with more than two hours of chest pain. Given its limitations in specificity and ability to detect creatine kinase-MB-negative/troponin-positive microinfarcts, further research is needed to determine how lactate can complement other cardiac enzymes in risk-stratifying all acute coronary syndromes.
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BIOKID: randomized controlled trial comparing bicarbonate and lactate buffer in biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions in children [ISRCTN81137991].
Nau, B, Schmitt, CP, Almeida, M, Arbeiter, K, Ardissino, G, Bonzel, KE, Edefonti, A, Fischbach, M, Haluany, K, Misselwitz, J, et al
BMC nephrology. 2004;:14
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred dialysis modality in children. Its major drawback is the limited technique survival due to infections and progressive ultrafiltration failure. Conventional PD solutions exert marked acute and chronic toxicity to local tissues. Prolonged exposure is associated with severe histopathological alterations including vasculopathy, neoangiogenesis, submesothelial fibrosis and a gradual loss of the mesothelial cell layer. Recently, more biocompatible PD solutions containing reduced amounts of toxic glucose degradation products (GDPs) and buffered at neutral pH have been introduced into clinical practice. These solutions contain lactate, bicarbonate or a combination of both as buffer substance. Increasing evidence from clinical trials in adults and children suggests that the new PD fluids may allow for better long-term preservation of peritoneal morphology and function. However, the relative importance of the buffer in neutral-pH, low-GDP fluids is still unclear. In vitro, lactate is cytotoxic and vasoactive at the concentrations used in PD fluids. The BIOKID trial is designed to clarify the clinical significance of the buffer choice in biocompatible PD fluids. METHODS/DESIGN The objective of the study is to test the hypothesis that bicarbonate based PD solutions may allow for a better preservation of peritoneal transport characteristics in children than solutions containing lactate buffer. Secondary objectives are to assess any impact of the buffer system on acid-base status, peritoneal tissue integrity and the incidence and severity of peritonitis. After a run-in period of 2 months during which a targeted cohort of 60 patients is treated with a conventional, lactate buffered, acidic, GDP containing PD fluid, patients will be stratified according to residual renal function and type of phosphate binding medication and randomized to receive either the lactate-containing Balance solution or the bicarbonate-buffered Bicavera solution for a period of 10 months. Patients will be monitored by monthly physical and laboratory examinations. Peritoneal equilibration tests, 24-h dialysate and urine collections will be performed 4 times. Peritoneal biopsies will be obtained on occasion of intraabdominal surgery. Changes in small solute transport rates, markers of peritoneal tissue turnover in the effluent, acid-base status and peritonitis rates and severity will be analyzed.
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Gluconeogenesis in humans with induced hyperlactatemia during low-intensity exercise.
Roef, MJ, de Meer, K, Kalhan, SC, Straver, H, Berger, R, Reijngoud, DJ
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2003;(6):E1162-71
Abstract
We studied the role of lactate in gluconeogenesis (GNG) during exercise in untrained fasting humans. During the final hour of a 4-h cycle exercise at 33-34% maximal O(2) uptake, seven subjects received, in random order, either a sodium lactate infusion (60 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or an isomolar sodium bicarbonate infusion. The contribution of lactate to gluconeogenic glucose was quantified by measuring (2)H incorporation into glucose after body water was labeled with deuterium oxide, and glucose rate of appearance (R(a)) was measured by [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose dilution. Infusion of lactate increased lactate concentration to 4.4 +/- 0.6 mM (mean +/- SE). Exercise induced a decrease in blood glucose concentration from 5.0 +/- 0.2 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mM (P < 0.05); lactate infusion abolished this decrease (5.0 +/- 0.3 mM; P < 0.001) and increased glucose R(a) compared with bicarbonate infusion (P < 0.05). Lactate infusion increased both GNG from lactate (29 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 4% of glucose R(a), P < 0.001) and total GNG. We conclude that lactate infusion during low-intensity exercise in fasting humans 1). increased GNG from lactate and 2). increased glucose production, thus increasing the blood glucose concentration. These results indicate that GNG capacity is available in humans after an overnight fast and can be used to sustain blood glucose levels during low-intensity exercise when lactate, a known precursor of GNG, is available at elevated plasma levels.
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The occurrence of malolactic fermentation in brandy base wine and its influence on brandy quality.
Du Plessis, HW, Steger, CL, du Toit, M, Lambrechts, MG
Journal of applied microbiology. 2002;(5):1005-13
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Abstract
AIMS: In this study we determined the extent to which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) occurred in brandy base wines, their ability to catalyse the malolactic fermentation (MLF) and the effect of MLF on the quality of the base wine and the brandy distillate. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactic acid bacteria were isolated and enumerated from grape juice, experimental and commercially produced brandy base wines. Spontaneous MLF occurred in approximately 50% of the commercial base wines. The occurrence of MLF had an influence on the quality of the base wines and the resulting distillates. In samples where MLF occurred there was a loss of fruitiness and in the intensity of aroma. Volatile compounds like iso-amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, 2-phenethyl acetate and hexyl acetate decreased in samples having undergone MLF, while ethyl lactate, acetic acid and diethyl succinate increased in the same samples. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous malolactic fermentation does occur in commercial brandy base wines and it has an influence on base wine and brandy quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study showed that MLF influences the quality of the base wine and the resulting distillate and with this in mind commercial base wine producers should be able to produce brandy of higher quality.