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The Utility of DXA Assessment at the Forearm, Proximal Femur, and Lateral Distal Femur, and Vertebral Fracture Assessment in the Pediatric Population: 2019 ISCD Official Position.
Weber, DR, Boyce, A, Gordon, C, Högler, W, Kecskemethy, HH, Misra, M, Swolin-Eide, D, Tebben, P, Ward, LM, Wasserman, H, et al
Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. 2019;(4):567-589
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Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in the evaluation of bone fragility in children. Previous recommendations emphasized total body less head and lumbar spine DXA scans for clinical bone health assessment. However, these scan sites may not be possible or optimal for all groups of children with conditions that threaten bone health. The utility of DXA scans of the proximal femur, forearm, and radius were evaluated for adequacy of reference data, precision, ability of predict fracture, and applicability to all, or select groups of children. In addition, the strengths and limitations of vertebral fracture assessment by DXA were evaluated. The new Pediatric Positions provide guidelines on the use of these additional measures in the assessment of skeletal health in children.
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Congential scoliosis in Wilson's disease: case report and review of the literature.
Li, Z, Yu, X, Shen, J, Liang, J
BMC surgery. 2014;:71
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, which leads to the accumulation of this metal in liver, brain, cornea and kidney. Little is reported about spinal deformity associated with this syndrome. This study is to present a case of thoracic kyphosis occurring in the setting of Wilson'disease and explore the possible association between the two diseases. CASE PRESENTATION Case report and literature review. A previously unreported thoracic kyphosis in Wislon's disease is decribed. The patient was a 7-year-old Chinese female that underwent a posterior correction, using the Moss-SI spinal system performed at Thoracic 9-Lumbar 1 (T9-L1) levels. At 16-month follow-up, the patient was clinically pain free and well balanced. Plain radiographs showed solid spine fusion with no loss of deformity correction. After evaluating 211 WD patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 1991 to February 2012, the prevalence of congential scoliosis among patients with WD was 5.21% (11/211), much higher than that among general population (1/1000). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WD with thoracic kyphosis. During sugery, surgeons and anesthesiologists must pay particular attention to the abnormal liver and brain function associated with WD. The prevalence of scoliosis is much higher among patients with WD, indicating a potential association between congential scoliosis and WD. However, the exact mechanism how copper-chelating agents induce scoliosis is unclear.
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Effects on clinical outcomes of grafts and spacers used in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a critical review.
Heida, K, Ebraheim, M, Siddiqui, S, Liu, J
Orthopaedic surgery. 2013;(1):13-7
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Abstract
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a relatively new and popular spinal fusion technique that has proven very useful since its introduction. To date, fusion rates for different combinations of modalities and materials have not been thoroughly compared and assessed. In this review of published reports, 29 papers met criteria for assessing fusion rates for three different interbody spacers and four different combinations of bone grafts and extenders. The spacers included Capstone, polyether ether ketones and Telamon cages, and the grafting materials reviewed were locally harvested bone, iliac crest bone with local, local bone plus recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and a mixture of local and allograft bone. Of these, it was found that only the Capstone cage and locally harvested bone achieved statistically significant higher fusion rates (96.46% ± 2.89% and 97.07% ± 1.94% respectively) than the other modalities and materials studied. Oswestry Disability Index scores and visual pain scales were also examined as indicators of overall improvement after using each spacer and graft; the Telamon cage and local bone mixed with rhBMP-2 stood out as conferring statistically significant greater improvements according to these two scales. Our findings are that Capstone and locally harvested bone alone are relatively superior in terms of fusion rates.
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Physical activity during life course and bone mass: a systematic review of methods and findings from cohort studies with young adults.
Bielemann, RM, Martinez-Mesa, J, Gigante, DP
BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013;:77
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to review the literature of the cohort studies which evaluated the association between physical activity during the life course and bone mineral content or density in young adults. METHODS Prospective cohort studies with bone mineral density or content measured in the whole body, lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry as outcome and physical activity as exposure were searched. Two independent reviewers selected studies retrieved from electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science and Scielo) and reviewed references of all selected full text articles. Downs & Black criterion was used in the quality assessment of these studies. RESULTS Nineteen manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Lumbar spine was the skeletal site most studied (n = 15). Different questionnaires were used for physical activity evaluation. Peak strain score was also used to evaluate physical activity in 5 manuscripts. Lack of statistical power calculation was the main problem found in the quality assessment. Positive associations between physical activity and bone mass were found more in males than in females; in weight bearing anatomical sites (lumbar spine and femoral neck) than in total body and when physical activity measurements were done from adolescence to adulthood - than when evaluated in only one period. Physical activity during growth period was associated with greater bone mass in males. It was not possible to conduct pooled analyses due to the heterogeneity of the studies, considering mainly the different instruments used for physical activity measurements. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity seems to be important for bone mass in all periods of life, but especially the growth period should be taking into account due to its important direct effect on bone mass and its influence in physical activity practice in later life. Low participation in peak strain activities may also explain the lower number of associations found in females.