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Effectiveness of vitamin D2 supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and other metabolic indices in menopausal Thai women: a randomized-controlled trial.
Indhavivadhana, S, Boonyachan, W, Rattanachaiyanont, M, Wongwananuruk, T, Techatraisak, K, Sa-Nga-Areekul, N
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2022;(1):83-89
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of vitamin D2 supplementation with ergocalciferol on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and other cardio-metabolic indices in menopausal Thai women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the menopause clinic of a university hospital in Thailand from May 2017 to 2018. Participants were 80 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to treatment (N = 40, receiving vitamin D2 40,000 IU/week) or control (N = 40, receiving placebo) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was hsCRP level, and secondary outcomes were cardio-metabolic profiles and 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score. The changes from baseline to week-12 (Δ) of all outcomes were analyzed using a modified intention-to-treat (ITT) population. RESULTS The vitamin D2 (N = 39) and placebo (N = 37) groups were comparable in all baseline characteristics. The hsCRP level was significantly reduced in the vitamin D2 group (Δ of -0.39 ± 1.30 mg/L, p = .024) but not in the placebo group (Δ of -0.15 ± 1.15 mg/L, p = .521). However, the Δ of hsCRP had no statistical difference between groups; neither did the Δ of other cardio-metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION In menopausal Thai women, vitamin D2 supplementation with ergocalciferol 40,000 IU/week for 12 weeks can reduce hsCRP level; and the treatment might be superior to placebo. However, the hsCRP levels after 12 weeks between both groups were not statistically different. Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20161216001).
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Does Vitamin D affects changes in volumetric bone mineral density and architecture in postmenopausal women after conservatively treated distal radius fractures?
Raptis, K, Makris, K, Trovas, G, Galanos, A, Koutserimpas, C, Papaioannou, N, Vlamis, I, Vlasis, K, Tournis, S
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2021;(1):93-103
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of vitamin D on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and architecture during the first week's post-fracture in postmenopausal women (PMW) with distal radial fractures (DRF) treated conservatively using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). METHODS Patients were classified into 2 groups according to initial median 25(OH)D level; Group A (25(OH)D ≥15 ng/ml) and group B (25(OH)D <15 ng/ml). All patients were followed for 12 weeks at three visits: baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post fracture. pQCT was performed at baseline in fractured and contralateral non-fractured radius and at 6th and 12th week on the fractured side. RESULTS 39 patients completed the protocol. Mean 25(OH)D levels were 15.60±7.35 ng/ml (3.5-41.7). Trabecular (trab) bone mineral content (BMC) and trabvBMD increased at 6 wk. vs. baseline (p<0.001). Cortical BMC, cortvBMD and cross- sectional area (CSA) progressively decreased (p<0.001) during the 12 weeks. There was no interaction between baseline 25(OH)D levels and changes in trabecular and cortical BMC, vBMD and CSA. Advanced age and higher CTX and P1NP were associated with higher cortical bone loss. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency does not affect the early architectural changes after a DRF. Advanced age and higher bone remodeling were associated with higher cortical bone loss, probably related to immobilization and independent of vitamin D levels.
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Obesity and Postmenopausal Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanisms.
Zuo, Q, Band, S, Kesavadas, M, Madak Erdogan, Z
Endocrinology. 2021;(12)
Abstract
Obesity is a potential risk for several cancers, including postmenopausal, hormone dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the impact of obesity on postmenopausal women's health and discuss several mechanisms that were proposed to increase the risk of breast carcinogenesis.
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Resistance training-induced improvement in exercise tolerance is not dependent on muscle mass gain in post-menopausal women.
de Oliveira Júnior, GN, de Sousa, JFR, Carneiro, MADS, Martins, FM, Santagnello, SB, Orsatti, FL
European journal of sport science. 2021;(7):958-966
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Abstract
Menopause transition may impair muscle function, decreasing exercise tolerance. The torque-duration relationship (hyperbolic curve) forms a practical framework within which exercise tolerance may be explored. In this regard, resistance training (RT) increases the curvature constant of this relationship (W'). Muscle hypertrophy and strength gains have been suggested as possible mediators of RT-induced improvement in W', however, it is unclear what the main mediator is. Higher-volume RT (HV-RT), beyond that recommended by RT-guidelines (i.e. three sets per exercise), may promote greater hypertrophy, but not higher strength gains. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether greater hypertrophy in HV-RT maximises W' gain when compared to LVRT in postmenopausal women (PW). Fifty-eight PW were randomised to the control group (CTRL), HV-RT (six sets per exercise) or LV-RT (three sets per exercise). They underwent a 12-week RT program and were assessed for W', thigh lean body mass (TLBM) and maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC). The TLBM gain was higher (P < 0.001) in the HV-RT (9.4%) than LV-RT (3.7%). However, both HV-RT and LV-RT similarly increased MIVC (9.7% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.063) and W' (26.4% vs. 34.6% P = 0.163). Additionally, the changes in W' were associated with the changes in TLBM (31%, P = 0.003) and MIVC (52%, P= <0.001). However, when the changes in TLBM and MIVC were inserted into the predictive model, only the MIVC (33%, P = 0.002) was a predictor of W'. Thus, although HV-RT promoted greater hypertrophy than LV-RT, HV-RT does not seem to maximise W' in PW.
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Effectiveness of eight-week zinc supplementation on vitamin D3 status and leptin levels in a population of postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized trial.
Vázquez-Lorente, H, Molina-López, J, Herrera-Quintana, L, Gamarra-Morales, Y, López-González, B, Planells, E
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS). 2021;:126730
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopausal period is characterized by hormonal imbalance related to the alteration of parameters involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, menopause increases the risk of deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D and zinc in such women. The present study investigates the influence of zinc supplementation on the status of vitamin D3 and other lipid parameters in postmenopausal women. METHODS Fifty-one healthy postmenopausal women aged 44-76 years from the province of Granada (Spain) were divided into two groups (placebo and zinc) of 25 and 26 women, respectively. The zinc group was supplemented with 50 mg/day of zinc for 8 weeks. Nutrient intake assessment was performed by means of a 24 -h reminder. Zinc was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Vitamin D was analyzed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Leptin was determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Zinc supplementation improved the initial vitamin D3 status of the postmenopausal population (p = 0.049). Plasma levels of 25-OH-D3 increased significantly after Zn supplementation in women with lower age at menopause (p = 0.045). Both intake and plasma zinc levels were inversely correlated to serum leptin levels (p = 0.044 and p = 0.033, respectively), being significantly lower in lower age at menopause (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation improved vitamin D3 status and was associated to low leptin levels in the postmenopausal women of the study.
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Positive association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with lumbar and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Zolfaroli, I, Ortiz, E, García-Pérez, MÁ, Hidalgo-Mora, JJ, Tarín, JJ, Cano, A
Maturitas. 2021;:41-46
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies suggest that lipids affect bone metabolism. We aimed to elucidate whether lipid levels are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of postmenopausal women. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of participants in the Chronic Ailment Reduction after MENopause (CARMEN) cohort. Women underwent assessment of clinical and analytical parameters, including fasting lipid levels. BMD was assessed at both lumbar spine and hip. Homogeneity in the cohort was optimized by filtering out a series of confounding variables with a known impact on bone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck with lipid levels. RESULTS A total of 667 of the 1304 screened women were analyzed. A strong correlation was revealed between total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis detected a significant positive association of HDL-C with BMD at both spine (p = 0.007) and femoral neck (p = 0.013). Other independent predictors of spine BMD were years since menopause (ysm, negatively associated), and body mass index (BMI) and estradiol, both positively associated with BMD. The other independent variables in the femoral neck were ysm and glucose (negatively associated) and BMI, estradiol, and phosphate, all positively associated with BMD. CONCLUSION Levels of HDL-C, but not TC, LDL-C or triglycerides, were positively associated with BMD at both the lumbar spine and femoral neck in a homogeneous cohort of postmenopausal women.
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Genistein for glycolipid metabolism in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.
Yi, XY, Wang, ZH, Wang, Y
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2021;(3):267-274
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on glycolipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. METHODS Electronic databases were searched and relevant reports were hand-screened. We included only randomized controlled trials of isolated genistein for glycolipid metabolism. The primary outcome for lipid metabolism included a changed value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and for glucose metabolism was a changed value of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes included a changed value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (INS), and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Ten trials with 11 articles were included. The level of LDL-C was not decreased in the genistein group compared with the placebo group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.19, 0.02; p = 0.06). No statistical significance was found in subgroup analyses. HOMA-IR was obviously improved in the genistein group with SMD of -0.51 (95% CI -0.88, -0.14; p = 0.006). In subgroup analyses, HOMA-IR was improved more in women with BMI <30 kg/m2 and without metabolic disorders (p < 0.0001). For secondary outcomes, there were significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL-C, FBG, and INS, but not triglyceride or BMI. CONCLUSIONS Genistein was effective in ameliorating glycolipid metabolism by increasing HDL-C levels and decreasing total cholesterol levels and improving insulin sensitivity.
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A Low-Glucose Eating Pattern Improves Biomarkers of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Feasibility Trial.
Schembre, SM, Jospe, MR, Giles, ED, Sears, DD, Liao, Y, Basen-Engquist, KM, Thomson, CA
Nutrients. 2021;(12)
Abstract
Postmenopausal breast cancer is the most common obesity-related cancer death among women in the U.S. Insulin resistance, which worsens in the setting of obesity, is associated with higher breast cancer incidence and mortality. Maladaptive eating patterns driving insulin resistance represent a key modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that time-restricted feeding paradigms (TRF) improve cancer-related metabolic risk factors; however, more flexible approaches could be more feasible and effective. In this exploratory, secondary analysis, we identified participants following a low-glucose eating pattern (LGEP), defined as consuming energy when glucose levels are at or below average fasting levels, as an alternative to TRF. Results show that following an LGEP regimen for at least 40% of reported eating events improves insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other cancer-related serum biomarkers. The magnitude of serum biomarkers changes observed here has previously been shown to favorably modulate benign breast tissue in women with overweight and obesity who are at risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. By comparison, the observed effects of LGEP were similar to results from previously published TRF studies in similar populations. These preliminary findings support further testing of LGEP as an alternative to TRF and a postmenopausal breast cancer prevention strategy. However, results should be interpreted with caution, given the exploratory nature of analyses.
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Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial.
Garcia-Yu, IA, Garcia-Ortiz, L, Gomez-Marcos, MA, Rodriguez-Sanchez, E, Lugones-Sanchez, C, Maderuelo-Fernandez, JA, Recio-Rodriguez, JI
The British journal of nutrition. 2021;(5):548-556
Abstract
During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (-0·63 kg (95 % CI -1·15, -0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen's d = -0·450) and body fat percentage (-0·79 % (95 % CI -1·31, -0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen's d = -0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (-0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI -0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen's d = -0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.
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Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and endometrial cancer risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.
Mullee, A, Dimou, N, Allen, N, O'Mara, T, Gunter, MJ, Murphy, N
British journal of cancer. 2021;(9):1308-1317
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of endocrine pathways related to steroid and growth hormones may modify endometrial cancer risk; however, prospective data on testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 are limited. To elucidate the role of these hormones in endometrial cancer risk we conducted complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS The observational analyses included 159,702 women (80% postmenopausal) enrolled in the UK Biobank. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. For MR analyses, genetic variants associated with hormone levels were identified and their association with endometrial cancer (12,906 cases/108,979 controls) was examined using two-sample MR. RESULTS In the observational analysis, higher circulating concentrations of total (HR per unit inverse normal scale = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.22-1.57) and free testosterone (HR per unit log scale = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.66-2.58) were associated with higher endometrial cancer risk. An inverse association was found for SHBG (HR per unit inverse normal scale = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67-0.86). Results for testosterone and SHBG were supported by the MR analyses. No association was found between genetically predicted IGF-1 concentration and endometrial cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results support probable causal associations between circulating concentrations of testosterone and SHBG with endometrial cancer risk.