1.
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation Are Associated With Peripheral but Not Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Humans.
van der Kolk, BW, Kalafati, M, Adriaens, M, van Greevenbroek, MMJ, Vogelzangs, N, Saris, WHM, Astrup, A, Valsesia, A, Langin, D, van der Kallen, CJH, et al
Diabetes. 2019;(12):2247-2258
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) may develop in multiple organs, representing various etiologies for cardiometabolic diseases. We identified abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) transcriptome profiles in liver or muscle IR by means of RNA sequencing in overweight or obese participants of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) (NCT00390637, ClinicalTrials.gov) cohort (n = 368). Tissue-specific IR phenotypes were derived from a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. Hepatic and muscle IR were characterized by distinct abdominal ScAT transcriptome profiles. Genes related to extracellular remodeling were upregulated in individuals with primarily hepatic IR, while genes related to inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. In line with this, in two independent cohorts, the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) (n = 325) and the Maastricht Study (n = 685), an increased systemic low-grade inflammation profile was specifically related to muscle IR but not to liver IR. We propose that increased ScAT inflammatory gene expression may translate into an increased systemic inflammatory profile, linking ScAT inflammation to the muscle IR phenotype. These distinct IR phenotypes may provide leads for more personalized prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
2.
Effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial cell function of three ad libitum diets differing in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate: a 6-month randomised study in obese individuals.
Bladbjerg, EM, Larsen, TM, Due, A, Stender, S, Astrup, A, Jespersen, J
The British journal of nutrition. 2011;(1):123-9
Abstract
Diet is important for the prevention of CVD, and diets high in MUFA might be more cardioprotective than low-fat diets. We hypothesise that inflammation and endothelial cell function will be improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel randomised intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28·2 (SD 4·6) years) assigned to a diet moderate in the amount of fat (35-45% of energy; >20% of fat as MUFA; MUFA diet, n 39), a low-fat (20-30% of energy) diet (LF diet, n 43) or a control diet (35 % of energy as fat, n 24) for 6 months after weight loss. Protein constituted 10-20 % of energy in all diets. Food was provided free of charge. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. vWF concentrations tended to fall on the LF diet (4·78 (SD 16·44) %; P = 0·07). Concentrations of IL-6 were reduced by the MUFA (0·37 (SD 0·74) pg/ml; P < 0·01) and LF (0·47 (SD 0·69) pg/ml; P < 0·001) diets, and CRP was reduced on all diets (MUFA: 0·48 (SD 1·93) mg/l (P < 0·01); LF: 1·46 (SD 2·89) mg/l (P < 0·001); control: 1·20 (SD 1·97) mg/l (P < 0·01)). No significant differences were observed between changes induced by the different diets. Our findings suggest that in overweight subjects after weight loss, the MUFA and LF diets have similar long-term effects on inflammation and endothelial cell function.