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Comparisons of electrophysiological markers of impaired executive attention after traumatic brain injury and in healthy aging.
Kim, N, Jamison, K, Jaywant, A, Garetti, J, Blunt, E, RoyChoudhury, A, Butler, T, Dams-O'Connor, K, Khedr, S, Chen, CC, et al
NeuroImage. 2023;:120126
Abstract
Executive attention impairments are a persistent and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). To make headway towards treating and predicting outcomes following heterogeneous TBI, cognitive impairment specific pathophysiology first needs to be characterized. In a prospective observational study, we measured EEG during the attention network test aimed at detecting alerting, orienting, executive attention and processing speed. The sample (N = 110) of subjects aged 18-86 included those with and without traumatic brain injury: n = 27, complicated mild TBI; n = 5, moderate TBI; n = 10, severe TBI; n = 63, non-brain-injured controls. Subjects with TBI had impairments in processing speed and executive attention. Electrophysiological markers of executive attention processing in the midline frontal regions reveal that, as a group, those with TBI and elderly non-brain-injured controls have reduced responses. We also note that those with TBI and elderly controls have responses that are similar for both low and high-demand trials. In subjects with moderate-severe TBI, reductions in frontal cortical activation and performance profiles are both similar to that of controls who are ∼4 to 7 years older. Our specific observations of frontal response reductions in subjects with TBI and in older adults is consistent with the suggested role of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit as underlying cognitive impairments. Our results provide novel correlative data linking specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying domain-specific cognitive deficits following TBI and with normal aging. Collectively, our findings provide biomarkers that may serve to track therapeutic interventions and guide development of targeted therapeutics following brain injuries.
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Novel Contribution of Long Non-coding RNA MEG3 Genotype to Prediction of Childhood Leukemia Risk.
Pei, JS, Chang, WS, Chen, CC, Mong, MC, Hsu, SW, Hsu, PC, Hsu, YN, Wang, YC, Tsai, CW, Bau, DT
Cancer genomics & proteomics. 2022;(1):27-34
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BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is frequent among children. Few studies have researched the relationship between maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) and cancer risk. We hypothesized long non-coding RNA MEG3 polymorphisms might influence the risk of childhood ALL. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a total of 266 patients with childhood ALL and 266 healthy controls, genotypes of MEG3 rs7158663, rs3087918, rs11160608 and rs4081134 single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated for their associations with childhood ALL. RESULTS MEG3 rs7158663 AG and AA genotypes were significantly associated with ALL [odds ratio=1.61 (95% confidence interval=1.12-2.31) and 2.21 (1.16-4.22), respectively]. The A allele also exhibited a statistical association with higher risk of ALL (p=0.0015). There was no positive association as for rs3087918, rs11160608 or rs4081134. Interestingly, a significant interaction between MEG3 rs7158663 and age (≥3.5 years) and gender (male) was found. CONCLUSION MEG3 rs7158663 AG/AA genotypes were associated with higher susceptibility to childhood ALL. These novel findings should be validated in larger populations and different ethnicities.
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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment could decrease Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Chen, HH, Chen, CC, Ho, CW, Hsieh, MC, Hsu, SP, Lin, CL, Kao, CH
Postgraduate medicine. 2020;(8):714-719
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) for Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) pneumonia in patients with diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2009 to 2012 were recruited for this population-based and observational study. Diabetes complications severity index (DCSI) score and defined daily dose (DDD) were used for analysis. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of KP pneumonia by DPP4i use, with adjustments for propensity score. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to estimate the risk of KP pneumonia for DPP4i users. RESULTS 34774 patients were included. The incidence rate of KP pneumonia in DDP4i users was 1.51 per 1000 person-years and that for the comparison was 2.25 per 1000 person-years. DDP4i users also had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of KP pneumonia (log-rank test p-value = 0.03). DDP4i users had a significantly lower risk of developing KP pneumonia compared with nonusers (adjusted HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.95). CONCLUSIONS For public health issue with type2 diabetes and infection, DPP4i use decreased KP pneumonia. Male gender, patients with co-morbidities, patients with higher DSCI score and higher DDD of DPP4i were observed to decrease KP pneumonia infection in our analysis. The possible role of DPP4i causing immunological disturbances should be considered.
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Healthy lifestyle and normal waist circumference are associated with a lower 5-year risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly individuals: Results from the healthy aging longitudinal study in Taiwan (HALST).
Chen, CC, Liu, K, Hsu, CC, Chang, HY, Chung, HC, Liu, JS, Liu, YH, Tsai, TL, Liaw, WJ, Lin, IC, et al
Medicine. 2017;(6):e6025
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be closely associated with lifestyle and obesity and has a prevalence that increases with age. This study aimed to assess the short-term composite effect of diet, physical activity, psychosocial health, and waist circumference (WC) on the incidence of DM in the elderly and to provide a lifestyle-based predictive index.We used baseline measurements (2009-2013) of 5349 community-dwelling participants (aged 55 years and older, 52% female) of the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST) for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressures, WC, and outcomes of home-visit questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify participants with a healthy lifestyle (HLF: higher diet, physical activity, and psychosocial scores) and a lower WC, with cutoffs determined by the receiver-operating characteristics. A Cox regression model was applied to 3424 participants without DM at baseline by linking to their National Health Insurance records (median follow-up of 3.1 years).In total, 247 new DM cases (7.2%) were identified. The HLF and lower WC group had a relative risk (RR) of DM of 0.54 (95% CI 0.35-0.82) compared to the non-HLF and higher WC group. When stratified by the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or metabolic syndrome (MS), only participants with IGT/MS showed significant risks (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.92). However, except for WC, the individual lifestyle factors were nonsignificant in the overall model without PCA.A composite protective effect of HLF and normal WC on DM within 5 years was observed, especially in those with IGT or MS. Psychosocial health constituted an important lifestyle factor in the elderly. The cutoffs identified could be used as a lifestyle-based risk index for DM. Maintaining an HLF to prevent DM is especially important for the elderly.