1.
The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and cobalt in Parkinson's disease through ROS-mediated mechanisms.
Lan, AP, Chen, J, Chai, ZF, Hu, Y
Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. 2016;(4):665-78
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons. Despite extensive research in the past decades, the etiology of PD remains elusive. Nevertheless, multiple lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress is one of the common causes in the pathogenesis of PD. It has also been suggested that heavy metal-associated oxidative stress may be implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Here we review the roles of redox metals, including iron, copper and cobalt, in PD. Iron is a highly reactive element and deregulation of iron homeostasis is accompanied by concomitant oxidation processes in PD. Copper is a key metal in cell division process, and it has been shown to have an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Cobalt induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in brain tissues.
2.
[Critical illness polyneuropathy in a patient with Parkinson disease: a case report and review of the literature].
Tan, S, Chen, J, Chen, RQ, Liu, H, Guo, Y, Li, C, Zhang, MH, Chen, ZZ
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2011;(10):1792-4
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) with Parkinson disease and discuss the development, clinical features and early diagnosis of this condition. METHODS The clinical data of a patient with CIP and Parkinson's disease and the relevant literature were reviewed. RESULTS This case showed no typical disease course of sepsis, and the condition exacerbated rapidly. The patient presented initially with abnormal homeostasis, followed by rapid onset of respiratory muscle weakness to require mechanical ventilation, but no limb weaknesses were detected. Intravenous antibiotics and aggressive treatment of sepsis did not produce any positive responses to wean from mechanical ventilation. Examinations of creatine kinase and cerebrospinal fluid showed no abnormalities. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies demonstrated declined nerve conduction velocity and decreased sensory and motor muscle action potentials, suggesting the possibility of CIP. CONCLUSION In patients with Parkinson disease, the occurrence of sepsis with prolonged mechanical ventilation and limb weakness indicates the necessity of neurophysiological examination, muscle biopsies and laboratory tests, which may help detect CIP in the early phase. Proper interventions of sepsis may reduce the likeliness of CIP. Elimination of the risk factors and aggressive management of sepsis can be effective measures for preventing CIP.