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Comparative effects of different types of tree nut consumption on blood lipids: a network meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Liu, K, Hui, S, Wang, B, Kaliannan, K, Guo, X, Liang, L
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2020;(1):219-227
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has confirmed that nuts are one of the best food groups at reducing LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC). However, the comparative effects of different types of nuts on blood lipids are unclear. OBJECTIVES This network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials aimed to assess the comparative effects of walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, cashews, and almonds on typical lipid profiles. METHODS We conducted literature searches to identify studies comparing ≥2 of the following diets-walnut-enriched, pistachio-enriched, hazelnut-enriched, cashew-enriched, almond-enriched, and control diets-for the management of triglycerides (TGs), LDL cholesterol, TC, and HDL cholesterol. Random-effects network meta-analyses, ranking analyses based on the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves, and sensitivity analyses according to the potential sources of heterogeneity across the included studies were performed for each outcome. RESULTS Thirty-four trials enrolling 1677 participants were included in this study. The pistachio-enriched diet was ranked best for TG (SUCRA 85%), LDL cholesterol (SUCRA 87%), and TC (SUCRA 96%) reductions. For TG and TC reductions, the walnut-enriched diet was ranked as the second-best diet. Regarding LDL cholesterol reduction, the almond-enriched diet was ranked second best. The pistachio-enriched and walnut-enriched diets were more effective at lowering TG, LDL cholesterol, and TC compared with the control diet. Regarding TG and TC reductions, the pistachio-enriched diet was also more effective than the hazelnut-enriched diet. For TG reduction, the walnut-enriched diet was better than the hazelnut-enriched diet. However, these findings are limited by the low quality of evidence ratings. In addition, the quality of this network meta-analysis was limited by the small number and generally poor reporting of available studies. CONCLUSIONS The pistachio-enriched and walnut-enriched diet could be better alternatives for lowering TGs, LDL cholesterol, and TC compared with other nut-enriched diets included in this study. The findings warrant further evaluation by more high-quality studies.This network meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019131128.
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The characteristics of newly diagnosed adult early-onset diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Zou, X, Zhou, X, Ji, L, Yang, W, Lu, J, Weng, J, Jia, W, Shan, Z, Liu, J, Tian, H, et al
Scientific reports. 2017;:46534
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of newly diagnosed early-onset diabetes in the Chinese population, 2801 newly diagnosed diabetes participants without known diabetes or pre-diabetes in a national cross-sectional survey were analysed. Participants were divided into quartiles (22-43, 44-52, 53-61 and >61 years) according to age of diabetes onset and the first group were defined as early-onset diabetes group. Early-onset diabetes group had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 2-hour post prandial blood glucose and urine albumin creatinine ratio. There was no difference in body mass index, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of beta cell function and diabetes family history between early-onset diabetes participants and any other age groups. HOMA of insulin resistance (IR) scores and disposition index 30 minutes after glucose load (DI30) were increased in early-onset diabetes participants. The beta cell function declination was more deteriorated in early-onset diabetes participants. Male gender, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and DI30 were positively associated with an earlier age at diagnosis. In conclusion, patients diagnosed with diabetes at a younger age are characterized by a similar cardiovascular risk profile with increased insulin resistance and more severe beta cell failure than patients diagnosed at a later age.
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Pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of LDL cholesterol response to statins.
Postmus, I, Trompet, S, Deshmukh, HA, Barnes, MR, Li, X, Warren, HR, Chasman, DI, Zhou, K, Arsenault, BJ, Donnelly, LA, et al
Nature communications. 2014;:5068
Abstract
Statins effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels in large studies and the observed interindividual response variability may be partially explained by genetic variation. Here we perform a pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in studies addressing the LDL cholesterol response to statins, including up to 18,596 statin-treated subjects. We validate the most promising signals in a further 22,318 statin recipients and identify two loci, SORT1/CELSR2/PSRC1 and SLCO1B1, not previously identified in GWAS. Moreover, we confirm the previously described associations with APOE and LPA. Our findings advance the understanding of the pharmacogenetic architecture of statin response.