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Systemic biomarkers of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies.
Sehgal, P, Narang, S, Chawla, D, Gupta, S, Jain, S, Sharma, U, Katoch, D, Kaur, J
International ophthalmology. 2023;(5):1751-1759
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Abstract
PURPOSE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) progression is an inter-play of various perinatal and neonatal angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines. A small subset of ROP progresses to ROP requiring treatment. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine whether levels of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum and urine at the time of first ROP screening visit could be a biomarker for the prediction of development of treatable ROP. METHOD Prospective single-center observational study of preterm babies screened for ROP. Blood and urine samples were collected as a part of routine sampling at initial ROP screening visit and stored at -80 °C for further processing. The babies were followed up and grouped into 'Group A' comprising of 35 babies who developed treatable ROP and 'Group B' comprising of 36 babies with regressed ROP or no ROP. The evaluation of blood and urine samples was done for IL6, IL8 and VEGF by solid-phase sandwich RayBio® Human ELISA kit. RESULTS The median serum values for IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in Group A and Group B were 5.8 pg/ml (IQR 1.5,128.5) and 8.7 pg/ml (IQR 1.5,30.5), 55.9 pg/ml (IQR 28.0, 392.9) and 27.0 pg/ml (IQR 20.5,444.9) and 26.6 pg/ml (IQR 6.3, 39.4) and 30.0 pg/ml (IQR9.2,70.3), respectively. Group A had significantly increased levels of IL-8 (p < 0.05). However, AUROC curve for serum IL-8 demonstrated suboptimal discriminating ability. CONCLUSION Babies developing ROP requiring treatment had significantly increased levels of IL-8 in the serum at the time of initial screening. However, it could not serve as predictor for treatable ROP.
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Panel of serum miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Khan, IA, Rashid, S, Singh, N, Rashid, S, Singh, V, Gunjan, D, Das, P, Dash, NR, Pandey, RM, Chauhan, SS, et al
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):2824
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms. Circulating miRNAs in body fluids have been emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of many cancers. Thus, this study aimed to assess a panel of miRNAs for their ability to differentiate PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (CP), a benign inflammatory condition of the pancreas. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs present in 60 FFPE tissue samples (27 PDAC, 23 CP and 10 normal pancreatic tissues). Four up-regulated miRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-181a-2-3p) and four down-regulated miRNAs (miR-30b-5p, miR-216b-5p, miR-320b, and miR-214-5p) in PDAC compared to CP were selected based on next-generation sequencing results. The levels of these 8 differentially expressed miRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR in 125 serum samples (50 PDAC, 50 CP, and 25 healthy controls (HC)). The results showed significant upregulation of miR-215-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-192-5p in PDAC serum samples. In contrast, levels of miR-30b-5p and miR-320b were significantly lower in PDAC as compared to CP and HC. ROC analysis showed that these 5 miRNAs can distinguish PDAC from both CP and HC. Hence, this panel can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of PDAC.
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Acute Kidney Injury and Electrolyte Abnormalities After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
Gupta, S, Seethapathy, H, Strohbehn, IA, Frigault, MJ, O'Donnell, EK, Jacobson, CA, Motwani, SS, Parikh, SM, Curhan, GC, Reynolds, KL, et al
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2020;(1):63-71
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Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Cytokine release syndrome is a well-known complication of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and can lead to multiorgan dysfunction. However, the nephrotoxicity of CAR-T therapy is unknown. We aimed to characterize the occurrence, cause, and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI), along with the occurrence of electrolyte abnormalities, among adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving CAR-T therapy. STUDY DESIGN Case series. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We reviewed the course of 78 adults receiving CAR-T therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel at 2 major cancer centers between October 2017 and February 2019. Baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, medications, and laboratory values were obtained from electronic health records. AKI was defined using KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria. The cause, clinical course, and outcome of AKI events and electrolyte abnormalities in the first 30 days after CAR-T infusion were characterized using data contained in electronic health records. RESULTS Among 78 patients receiving CAR-T therapy, cytokine release syndrome occurred in 85%, of whom 62% were treated with tocilizumab. AKI occurred in 15 patients (19%): 8 had decreased kidney perfusion, 6 developed acute tubular necrosis, and 1 patient had urinary obstruction related to disease progression. Those with acute tubular necrosis and obstruction had the longest lengths of stay and highest 60-day mortality. Electrolyte abnormalities were common; hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hyponatremia occurred in 75%, 56%, and 51% of patients, respectively. LIMITATIONS Small sample size; AKI adjudicated by retrospective chart review; lack of biopsy data. CONCLUSIONS In this case series of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving CAR-T therapy, AKI and electrolyte abnormalities occurred commonly in the context of cytokine release syndrome.
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Fluorescence spectroscopic study on malignant and premalignant oral mucosa of patients undergoing treatment: An observational prospective study.
Kanchwala, N, Kumar, N, Gupta, S, Lokhandwala, H
International journal of surgery (London, England). 2018;:87-91
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the changes of oral mucosa in malignancy and pre-malignant oral conditions using fluorescence spectroscopy during various phases of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the premalignant lesions coming for the follow up/post-operative radiotherapy. The autofluorescence spectra were recorded in vivo using a Nitrogen laser based fluorimeter. Three sites of each patient were examined-right & the left buccal mucosa and the tongue. For a given pathology, spectra from all the individuals were grouped and mean spectra after different radiation cycles were compared. The quantitative analysis of the spectra involved extraction of diagnostically relevant spectral information through Maximum Representation and Discrimination Feature. RESULTS As different patients had different response to the radiation, it was difficult to visualize any particular trend with increased number of radiation cycles. However, for a given pathology and an individual, when mean spectra after different radiation cycles and surgery were compared, the observation was: Intensity of the 460 nm fluorescence band for each pathology was increased with the number of radiation cycle. That had indicated tissue was being reverted back to its grossly normal features. As 460 nm fluorescence spike was a standard spectra for normal mucosa. CONCLUSION The results strengthened the hypothesis that fluorescence spectroscopy has considerable potential for use as a tool to evaluate the response to treatment in oral malignancy. These spectra of radiotherapy and surgically treated patients can be used as standards for treated patients in further studies.