1.
Psychiatric Manifestations of Coeliac Disease, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Clappison, E, Hadjivassiliou, M, Zis, P
Nutrients. 2020;(1)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coeliac disease (CD) is increasingly prevalent and is associated with both gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal manifestations. Psychiatric disorders are amongst extra-intestinal manifestations proposed. The relationship between CD and such psychiatric disorders is not well recognised or understood. AIM: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a greater understanding of the existing evidence and theories surrounding psychiatric manifestations of CD. METHODOLOGY An online literature search using PubMed was conducted, the prevalence data for both CD and psychiatric disorders was extracted from eligible articles. Meta analyses on odds ratios were also performed. RESULTS A total of 37 articles were included in this review. A significant increase in risk was detected for autistic spectrum disorder (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24-1.88, p < 0.0001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18-1.63, p < 0.0001), depression (OR 2.17, 95% CI 2.17-11.15, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR 6.03, 95% CI 2.22-16.35, p < 0.0001), and eating disorders (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.37-1.91, p < 0.00001) amongst the CD population compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found for bipolar disorder (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.29-19.21, p = 0.43) or schizophrenia (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.02-10.18, p = 0.62). CONCLUSION CD is associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, eating disorders as well as ASD and ADHD. More research is required to investigate specific biological explanations as well as any effect of gluten free diet.
2.
Dietary treatment of gluten neuropathy.
Hadjivassiliou, M, Kandler, RH, Chattopadhyay, AK, Davies-Jones, AG, Jarratt, JA, Sanders, DS, Sharrack, B, Grünewald, RA
Muscle & nerve. 2006;(6):762-6
Abstract
We studied the effect of a gluten-free diet in patients with idiopathic sensorimotor axonal neuropathy and circulating antigliadin antibodies. Consecutive patients underwent baseline neurophysiological assessment and were offered a gluten-free diet. Those who went on the diet formed the intention-to-treat group and those who did not were the control group. Repeat neurophysiological assessment and subjective evaluation of neuropathy symptoms were performed at 1 year. A total of 35 patients participated in the study, with 25 patients going on the diet and 10 not doing so. There was a significant difference in the change of sural sensory action potentials (pre-defined primary endpoint), with evidence of improvement in the intention-to-treat group and deterioration in the control group. Subjective change in neuropathy symptoms also showed significant differences, with patients in the intention-to-treat group reporting improvement and those in the control group reporting deterioration. Gluten-free diet may thus be a useful therapeutic intervention for patients with gluten neuropathy.