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Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.
Zhao, J, Giri, A, Zhu, X, Shrubsole, MJ, Jiang, Y, Guo, X, Ness, R, Seidner, DL, Giovannucci, E, Edwards, TL, et al
British journal of cancer. 2019;(9):796-804
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the associations between calcium and various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and whether these associations are modified by the calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio. METHODS We tested our hypotheses in the prostate lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. RESULTS Calcium intake did not show a dose-response association with incident adenoma of any size/stage (P-trend = 0.17), but followed an inverse trend when restricted to synchronous/advanced adenoma cases (P-trend = 0.05). This inverse trend was mainly in participants with Ca:Mg ratios between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.05). No significant associations were observed for metachronous adenoma. Calcium intake was inversely associated with CRC (P-trend = 0.03); the association was primarily present for distal CRC (P-trend = 0.01). The inverse association between calcium and distal CRC was further modified by the Ca:Mg ratio (P-interaction < 0.01); significant dose-response associations were found only in participants with a Ca:Mg ratio between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.04). No associations for calcium were found in the Ca:Mg ratio above 2.5 or below 1.7. CONCLUSION Higher calcium intake may be related to reduced risks of incident advanced and/or synchronous adenoma and incident distal CRC among subjects with Ca:Mg intake ratios between 1.7 and 2.5.
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Serum magnesium levels and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
Song, X, Zhong, X, Tang, K, Wu, G, Jiang, Y
World journal of surgical oncology. 2018;(1):137
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with lung cancer than that in healthy controls is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize all citations evaluating the relationship between serum magnesium levels and lung cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, WanFang, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and SinoMed databases for relevant studies before December 31, 2017. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. RESULTS Eleven citations comprising 707 cases with lung cancer and 7595 healthy controls were included in our study. Serum magnesium levels were not significantly lower in patients with lung cancer [summary SMD = 0.193, 95%CI = - 1.504 to 1.890] when compared to health controls, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.6%, P < 0.001) found. Negative associations were found among Asian populations [summary SMD = 0.229, 95%CI = - 1.637 to 2.094] and European populations [summary SMD = - 0.168, 95%CI = - 0.482 to 0.147]. No publication bias was found using the test of Egger and funnel plot. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that serum magnesium levels had no significant association on lung cancer risk.