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Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment.
Jenkins, DJA, Spence, JD, Giovannucci, EL, Kim, YI, Josse, R, Vieth, R, Blanco Mejia, S, Viguiliouk, E, Nishi, S, Sahye-Pudaruth, S, et al
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;(22):2570-2584
Abstract
The authors identified individual randomized controlled trials from previous meta-analyses and additional searches, and then performed meta-analyses on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. The authors assessed publications from 2012, both before and including the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force review. Their systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed generally moderate- or low-quality evidence for preventive benefits (folic acid for total cardiovascular disease, folic acid and B-vitamins for stroke), no effect (multivitamins, vitamins C, D, β-carotene, calcium, and selenium), or increased risk (antioxidant mixtures and niacin [with a statin] for all-cause mortality). Conclusive evidence for the benefit of any supplement across all dietary backgrounds (including deficiency and sufficiency) was not demonstrated; therefore, any benefits seen must be balanced against possible risks.