1.
The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on eating behaviors and body weight in obesity: A randomized controlled study.
Kim, SH, Chung, JH, Kim, TH, Lim, SH, Kim, Y, Lee, YA, Song, SW
Brain stimulation. 2018;(3):528-535
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have reported significant reductions in food cravings following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), none have examined changes in body weight. OBJECTIVE We conducted 2-week randomized, sham-controlled, single-blind, parallel-group trial to examine the effect of rTMS on body weight in obese patients. METHODS Sixty obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) aged between 18 and 65 years were recruited. A total of 4 sessions of rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was provided over a period of 2 weeks, with a follow-up assessment conducted two weeks after treatment had finished. The primary outcome measure was weight change in kilograms from baseline to 4 weeks. Secondary endpoints included changes in anthropometric measures, cardiovascular risk factors, food intake, and appetite. RESULTS Of the 60 volunteers, 57 completed the 4-week follow-up (29 in the TMS group and 28 in the sham treatment group). Participants in the rTMS group showed significantly greater weight loss from baseline following the 4 session of rTMS (p = 0.002). Consistent with weight loss, there was a significant reduction in BMI, fat mass and VAT at week 4 in the rTMS group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). After the 4 sessions of rTMS, the TMS group consumed fewer total kilocalories per day than the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS rTMS delivered to the left DLPFC was effective in decreasing food intake and facilitating weight loss in obese patients. The results of this study suggest that rTMS could be an effective treatment option for obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registered with the Clinical Trials Tegistry at https://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0001455).
2.
Human transcriptome analysis of acute responses to glucose ingestion reveals the role of leukocytes in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.
Choi, HJ, Yun, HS, Kang, HJ, Ban, HJ, Kim, Y, Nam, HY, Hong, EJ, Jung, SY, Jung, SE, Jeon, JP, et al
Physiological genomics. 2012;(24):1179-87
Abstract
Glucose ingestion-induced hyperglycemia has been known to induce inflammation, which is related to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. To examine acute gene expression responses to physiological oral glucose ingestion in human circulating leukocytes, we conducted a microarray study of human circulating leukocytes sampled before, 1 h after, and 2 h after glucose ingestion in community-based participants without previous histories of diabetes (n = 60). Ingestion of 75 g glucose successfully induced acute hyperglycemia (glucose concentration 91.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl for fasting and 180.7 ± 48.5 mg/dl for 1 h after glucose ingestion). Oral glucose ingestion significantly increased the expressions of 23 genes and decreased the expressions of 13 genes [false discovery rate (FDR) P value <0.05]. These genes are significantly involved in immunity by way of natural killer cell-mediated immunity, granulocyte-mediated immunity, and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (FDR P value <0.05). The present study demonstrated 36 genes that showed acute gene expression change in human leukocytes within 1 h after glucose ingestion, suggesting that leukocytes participate in the inflammatory process induced by acute hyperglycemia. We believe that these results will provide some basic insight into the role of leukocytes in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.