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Effect of a Workplace-Based Multicomponent Intervention on Hypertension Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Wang, Z, Wang, X, Shen, Y, Li, S, Chen, Z, Zheng, C, Kang, Y, Jiang, L, Hao, G, Chang, C, et al
JAMA cardiology. 2020;(5):567-575
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE A workplace-based intervention could be an effective approach to managing high blood pressure (BP). However, few studies to date have addressed hypertension control among the Chinese working population. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a workplace-based, multicomponent intervention strategy on improving BP control. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cluster randomized clinical trial of a hypertension management program was conducted from January 2013 to December 2014 in 60 workplaces across 20 urban regions in China. Workplaces were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 40) or control group (n = 20). Employee participants in each workplace were asked to complete a cross-sectional survey. Data analysis on an evaluable population was conducted from January 2016 to January 2017. INTERVENTIONS The 2-year intervention included 2 components: (1) a workplace wellness program for improving employees' cardiovascular health and (2) a guidelines-oriented hypertension management protocol with a community health center intervention accompanied by monthly visits for achieving BP control over a period of 24 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the change in BP control rate from baseline to 24 months among employees with hypertension in the intervention and control groups. The secondary outcomes were the changes in BP level and lifestyle factors by the end of the trial. RESULTS Overall, 4166 participants (3178 in the intervention group and 988 in the control group) were included (mean [SD] age, 46.3 [7.6] years; 3451 men [82.8%]). Blood pressure control rate at baseline was 19.5% in the intervention group and 20.1% in the control group. After 24 months of the intervention, the BP control rate for the intervention group compared with the control group was significantly higher (66.2% vs 44.0%; odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58-2.00; P < .001). The intervention effect on systolic BP level was -5.8 mm Hg (95% CI, -6.8 to -4.9 mm Hg; P < .001) and on diastolic BP level was -3.6 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.4 to -2.9 mm Hg; P < .001). The BP control rate showed a gradual increment throughout the whole duration in the intervention group. Moreover, greater reduction was reported in the rates of drinking (-18.4%; 95% CI, -20.6% to -16.2%; P < .001), perceived stress (-22.9%; 95% CI, -24.8% to -21.1%; P < .001), and excessive use of salt (-32.0%; 95% CI, -33.7% to -30.4%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This trial found that a workplace-based, multicomponent intervention appeared to be more effective than usual care, leading to measurable benefits such as lower blood pressure, improved hypertension control, and adoption of healthy lifestyle habits. The intervention can therefore be considered for large-scale use or inclusion in hypertension control programs in workplaces in China and other countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR-ECS-14004641.
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The effects of red yeast rice dietary supplement on blood pressure, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein in hypertension: A systematic review.
Xiong, X, Wang, P, Li, X, Zhang, Y, Li, S
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2017;(9):1831-1851
Abstract
Interest is increasing regarding the potential health effects of red yeast rice (RYR) consumption, which is described as a "natural statin" in China. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of RYR on blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in treating hypertension. Seven electronic databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and the Wanfang database were searched. To investigate the role of RYR for hypertension, randomized controlled trials for the use of RYR either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional medicine versus placebo, no intervention, or conventional medicine for hypertension were identified. A total of 21 trials containing 4558 patients were analyzed, the majority of which had low methodological quality. "RYR plus conventional therapy" exhibited significant lowering effects on serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and CRP but exhibited no significant effect on systolic BP, diastolic BP, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with "placebo plus conventional therapy." "RYR plus conventional therapy" showed significant lowering effects on systolic BP, TC, LDL-C, and CRP but no effect on diastolic BP, TG, and HDL-C compared with "placebo plus conventional therapy." No significant difference in BP and lipid profile between "RYR plus conventional therapy" and "statins plus conventional therapy" was observed. "RYR plus statins" appeared to be more effective in lowering BP, TC, TG, and LDL-C but without a significant difference in HDL-C compared to statins. No serious adverse events were reported. The results of this meta-analysis suggested some supportive but limited evidence regarding RYR for hypertension. Further rigorously designed trials are warranted before RYR could be recommended to hypertensive patients.
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Impact of Adiposity on Incident Hypertension Is Modified by Insulin Resistance in Adults: Longitudinal Observation From the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Zhang, T, Zhang, H, Li, S, Li, Y, Liu, Y, Fernandez, C, Harville, E, Bazzano, L, He, J, Chen, W
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2016;(1):56-62
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Abstract
Adiposity and insulin resistance are closely associated with hypertension. This study aims to investigate whether the association between adiposity and hypertension is modified by insulin resistance. The cohort consisted of 1624 middle-aged normotensive black and white adults aged 18 to 43 years at baseline who followed for 16 years on average. Overweight/obesity at baseline was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25, and insulin resistance was measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Prevalence of incident hypertension was compared between the insulin-sensitive adiposity and insulin-resistant adiposity groups. The prevalence of incident hypertension was higher in the insulin-resistant adiposity than in the insulin-sensitive adiposity group (32.1% versus 22.1%, P<0.001). In multivariable logistic analyses, adjusted for baseline age, race, sex, follow-up years, and smoking, baseline insulin-resistant obesity was associated with incident hypertension (odds ratio, 1.9; P=0.008). Odds ratios did not differ between blacks and whites (P=0.238). Of note, the odds ratios of BMI associated with hypertension significantly increased with increasing quartiles of baseline homeostasis model assessment (odds ratio, 1.3, 1.1, 1.5, and 2.5 in quartiles I, II, III, and IV, respectively; P=0.006 for trend). Slopes of increasing follow-up blood pressure with baseline BMI, measured as regression coefficients (β), were significantly greater in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive individuals (β=0.74 versus β=0.35 for systolic blood pressure, P=0.004 for difference; β=0.51 versus β=0.23 for diastolic blood pressure, P=0.001 for difference). These findings suggest that insulin resistance has a synergistic effect on the obesity-hypertension association in young adults, indicating that the role of adiposity in the development of hypertension is modified by insulin resistance.
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Effect of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Xiong, X, Wang, P, Li, S, Zhang, Y, Li, X
Maturitas. 2015;(4):370-8
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension. Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang databases were searched. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Baduanjin significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD=-13.00 mmHg; 95% CI: -21.24 to -4.77; P=0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD=-6.13 mmHg; 95% CI: -11.20 to -1.07; P=0.02), body mass index, blood glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and improved high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and quality of life compared to no intervention. No significant difference between Baduanjin and antihypertensive drugs on SBP (WMD=1.05 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.07 to 4.17; P=0.51) or DBP (WMD=1.90 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.22 to 5.02; P=0.23) was identified. Baduanjin plus antihypertensive drugs significantly reduced SBP (WMD=-7.49 mmHg; 95% CI: -11.39 to -3.59; P=0.0002), DBP (WMD=-3.55 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.25 to -1.85; P<0.0001), blood glucose, and total cholesterol compared to antihypertensive drugs. Baduanjin is an effective therapy for hypertension. However, further rigorously designed RCTs are still warranted.
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Cardiovascular events in a prehypertensive Chinese population: four-year follow-up study.
Wu, S, Huang, Z, Yang, X, Li, S, Zhao, H, Ruan, C, Wu, Y, Xin, A, Li, K, Jin, C, et al
International journal of cardiology. 2013;(5):2196-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events in a prehypertensive Chinese population. METHODS Participants meeting the JNC 7 diagnostic criteria for prehypertension (n=30,027) and ideal blood pressure (n=15,614) were enrolled in this prospective, observational cohort. New CV events were collected during follow-up of 38-53 months (mean 47.58 ± 3.19 months). A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze factors influencing CV events. RESULTS Four hundred sixty-one CV events occurred during the follow-up period. Cumulative incidence rates for total CV events, cerebral infarct, cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarct, and deaths due to CV in the prehypertensive population were 1.19%, 0.57%, 0.20%, 0.23%, and 0.23%, respectively. These rates were higher than those of the ideal blood pressure group (0.67%, 0.27%, 0.12%, 0.17%, and 0.15% respectively). After correcting for traditional CV risk factors, relative risks (RRs) for total CV events, cerebral infarct and cerebral hemorrhages in the prehypertensive population were 1.32 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.06-1.65), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.10-2.18) and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.82-2.37) higher than those in the ideal blood pressure population. Compared to the ideal blood pressure group, the prehypertensive population was older, more likely male, and had higher triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Prehypertension is an independent risk factor for total CV events and stroke.