1.
Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Anastomotic Leakage Rate After Esophagectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Li, X, Yan, S, Ma, Y, Li, S, Wang, Y, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, J, Lv, C, Yang, Y, et al
World journal of surgery. 2020;(8):2709-2718
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer occupies a vital position in fatal cancer-related disease, with esophagectomy procedures helping to improve patient survival. The timing when oral intake should be resumed after esophagectomy and whether early oral feeding (EOF) or delayed oral feeding (DOF) should be the optimal regimen are controversial. METHODS Databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library) were searched. All records were screened by two authors through full-text reading. Data on the anastomotic leakage rate were extracted and synthesized in meta-analyses. Postoperative pneumonia rate and length of hospital stay were also assessed. RESULTS Seven studies from 49 records were included after full-text reading; 1595 patients were totally included in the analysis. No significant difference was observed between the EOF and DOF groups (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-4.03; p = 0.2495; I2 = 70%). Higher anastomotic leakage rate was observed in EOF compared with DOF (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.56-5.34; p = 0.0007; I2 = 10%) in the open subgroup. No significant difference was observed in the MIE (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.22-1.02; p = 0.0564; I2 = 0%). Patients performed similarly in pneumonia (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.57-2.21; p = 0.745; I2 = 34%). In cervical subgroup, anastomosis leakage may be less in DOF (OR 2.42 95% CI 1.26-4.64; p = 0.0651; I2 = 58%), while in thoracic subgroup, there is no obvious difference (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.46-1.61; p = 0.01; I2 = 84.9%). CONCLUSIONS Anastomotic leakage related to the timing of oral feeding after open esophagectomy, which is more favorable to the DOF regimen. However, timing of oral feeding did not impair anastomotic healing in patients undergoing MIE.
2.
[Short-term efficacy and safety of the synchronous neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin in stage III adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction].
Ji, Y, Peng, T, Wang, G, Zhang, Y, Cao, M, Gao, Q, Li, S
Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery. 2018;(9):1019-1024
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant synchronous chemoradiotherapy (paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimen) in stage III adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG). METHODS Forty cases clinically diagnosed as stage III AEG were prospectively enrolled at the Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from December 2014 to November 2017 and then were randomly divided into paclitaxel plus carboplatin combined with synchronous radiotherapy group(neoadjuvant group) and direct operation group. Inclusion criteria was as follows:(1) AEG was diagnosed by gastroscopic biopsy and III stage was confirmed by ultrasound endoscopy and spiral CT;(2) physical strength score ≥70, and age ≤75 years old; (3) no contraindications of chemoradiotherapy and operation. Exclusion criteria was as follows:(1) patients voluntarily withdrew or refused the treatment;(2) occurrence of severe anaphylaxis; (3) uncontrollable events happened during treatment and treatment was unable to continue;(4) tumor developed obviously during treatment. Preoperative neoadjuvant synchronous chemoradiotherapy used TP regimen: paclitaxel 80 mg/m², drug concentration-time area under curve of carboplatin= 1.5 mg×ml⁻¹×min⁻¹, once per week for 9 weeks; radiotherapy began at the second week, 40 Gy/20 F, completed within 4 weeks. Operative procedure of both groups was radical resection of cardiac cancer(D2). Postoperative chemotherapy regimen was oral Tegafur(Gimeracil and Oteracil potassium). The side effects, diet situation, change of gastroscopic image after treatment in patients of neoadjuvant group were observed and efficacy evaluation of chemotherapy was performed according to solid tumor efficacy evaluation criteria of US National Cancer Institute. Operation-associated parameters, including R0 resection rate, lymph node metastasis, operative mortality and postoperative complications, were compared between two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline information between the two group (all P>0.05). One case in neoadjuvant group was excluded because of perforation at lesion site 7 weeks after chemotherapy. The side effects of 19 cases in neoadjuvant group were mainly alopecia (100%) and marrow inhibition (68.4%), while 3-4 degree side effects were alopecia(8/19,42.1%), leukopenia (3/19, 15.8%) and neutropenia(3/19, 15.8%). Complete remission was observed in 4 cases; partial remission was observed in 13 cases and stable disease in 2 cases, with an objective response rate of 89.5% and a disease control rate of 100%. Before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 16 cases were difficult to take liquid diet and 3 cases received liquid diet only, while after 12 weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all the 19 cases received normal diet. Besides, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, gastroscopic examination showed close healing of cardiac ulcer, disappearance of swelling, and renewal of normal mucosa. Compared to direct operation group, neoadjuvant group had less number of positive lymph node (4.9±3.6 vs. 8.8±2.8, P<0.05) and higher R0 resection rate (94.7% vs. 50.0%, P<0.05). Total number of harvested lymph node was not significantly different between two groups (19.1±2.5 vs. 18.6±7.0, t=0.326, P=0.746). There was no surgical death in either group. One case in direct operation group developed postoperative inflammatory obstruction. No associated complication was found in neoadjuvant group. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel plus carboplatin combined with synchronous radiotherapy can elevate the R0 resection rate of patients with stage III esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, without increasing operative mortality and postoperative complications.
3.
Clinical investigation on application of water swallowing to MR esophagography.
Zhang, J, Hu, W, Zang, L, Yao, Y, Tang, Y, Qian, Z, Gao, P, Wu, X, Li, S, Xie, Z, et al
European journal of radiology. 2012;(9):1980-5
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the clinical outcomes of applying water swallowing to MR esophagography. METHODS Thirty patients confirmed postoperatively or histopathologically with thoracic esophageal carcinoma by endoscopic biopsy and 10 healthy volunteers with normal esophagus underwent respectively conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection and water swallowing MR esophagography. Of those patients, 4 underwent second examination after radiotherapy. Assessment on imaging effects of MR esophagography was performed. Assessment on definition on MR esophagography of the tumor in both upper and lower ends, specific localization, tumor size finally measured, coincidence with the gross pathologic types and tumor staging were respectively performed by comparison with conventional MRI. Additionally, we evaluated the outcomes of radiotherapy by comparing the previous MR esophagography with the second one with interventional technique. RESULTS Of the total 44 images of MR esophagography, 97.7% (43/44) were in high resolution by sagittal view and 81.8% (36/44) by cross-section. 93.3% (56/60) of the MR esophagography were clearly defined with the neoplastic lesion ends in the 30 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma, compared with 11.7% (7/60) by conventional MRI. The results were totally different in statistics (P<0.005). Preoperative conventional MRI detection of the 22 cases in 25 undergone radical resection suggested vague diameter of the primary tumor and impossibly identified it at middle-lower thoracic esophagus in 5, and even failed to confirm gross pathologic types in 19 cases. Yet, MR esophagography with water swallowing represented accurate tumor length (graded as excellent) in 88% (22/25), localization in 100% (25/25), exact gross pathologic types in 88% (22/25), and accuracy for tumor staging in 80.8% (21/26) compared to 92.3% (24/26) by conventional MRI. Therapeutic effects achieved in 4 patients with radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS MR esophagography with water swallowing makes optimal esophagram and is of great value in the preoperative diagnosis of thoracic esophageal cancer and assessment of the radiotherapy effects for patients with such neoplasm, which may serve as an alternative for conventional MRI.