1.
The effect of micro-nutrients on malnutrition, immunity and therapeutic effect in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Haiqing Cai, , Chen, L, Yin, C, Liao, Y, Meng, X, Lu, C, Tang, S, Li, X, Wang, X
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2020;:101994
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Micro-nutrients are closely related to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Most patients with PTB suffer from micro-nutrients deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of micro-nutrients support on clinical therapy and chronic inflammation in patients with PTB. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Springer link, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wan Fang and CNKI databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The patients with anti-TB treatments were divided into two groups, the control group with nutritional advice or placebo, and the experimental group with micro-nutrients support for more than 2 weeks. Two reviewers conducted data extraction and quality assessment of the studies independently, and ReviewManager 5.2 software was used to input and analyse the data. The dichotomous variable was expressed in the risk ratios (RRS) and 95% CI, the continuous data were expressed in the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI, and the heterogeneity of subgroup was evaluated by I (Kerantzas and Jacobs, Jr., 2017) [2] test. RESULTS A total of 13 trials (2847 participants) were included. First, micro-nutrients improved sputum smears or culture negative conversion rates (OR 0.16 0.03-0.77, 2.29; MD -2.36, -4.72~-0.01, z = 1.97). Meanwhile, micro-nutrients support increased lymphocytes and decreased leukocytes, neutrophils, CRP and ESR (MD 0.20, 0.06-0.35, z = 2.78; MD -0.42, -0.65~-0.18, z = 3.48; MD -0.66, -1.12~-0.20, z = 2.82). However it had not impact on body weight, MUAC, haemoglobin, albumin or monocytes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Micro-nutrients support can reduce chronic inflammation and improve sputum smears or culture conversions to contribute to anti-TB treatment.
2.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporters.
Li, P, Gu, Y, Li, J, Xie, L, Li, X, Xie, J
The Journal of membrane biology. 2017;(6):573-585
Abstract
The cell membrane or biofilm serve as permeable barrier for xenobiotics to maintain the homeostasis of cells or bacterial community. Transport systems are essential for the uptake of nutrients and substances necessary for biofilm formation, efflux of deleterious compounds, as well as communication between cells and environment. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) represents the largest secondary transporter family and is responsible for the transport of a broad spectrum of substrates with diverse physiochemical properties by utilizing the energy stored in electrochemical gradient across the membrane. Importantly, multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the major facilitator superfamily are important contributing factors to drug resistance and biofilm formation in many clinical strains like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This review summarized the structural properties and functions of M. tuberculosis MFS transporters, molecular mechanisms of substrates transfer, and efflux pump inhibitors for better control of biofilm-associated infections.