1.
Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
Li, X, Peng, Y, Li, Z, Christensen, B, Heckmann, AB, Lagerqvist, C, Stenlund, H, Lönnerdal, B, Hernell, O, West, CE
PloS one. 2021;(5):e0251293
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants. DESIGN FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively. RESULTS Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.
2.
Safety assessment of Streptococcus salivarius DB-B5 as a probiotic candidate for oral health.
Li, X, Fields, FR, Ho, M, Marshall-Hudson, A, Gross, R, Casser, ME, Naito, M
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2021;:112277
Abstract
Streptococcus salivarius DB-B5 was previously isolated from the supragingival plaque of a healthy female adult and selected for development as a probiotic candidate for oral health. Probiotics are an important emerging therapeutic method for preventing, treating, and maintaining oral health. Although S. salivarius is a predominant member of the commensal oral microbiota and generally regarded as a safe species, it is recognized that each strain needs to be comprehensively assessed for safety. This study describes the in silico, in vitro, and clinical testing that were conducted to evaluate the safety of S. salivarius DB-B5. Both 16S rRNA and multi-gene phylogenetic reconstruction was used to confirm the taxonomic identity of this strain. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome demonstrated the absence of transmissible antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors. Phenotypic testing further showed S. salivarius DB-B5 to be susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. S. salivarius DB-B5 displayed weak alpha-hemolysis, and does not produce biogenic amines. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, consumption of S. salivarius DB-B5 at 10 billion CFU/day for 4 weeks by healthy adults was safe and well-tolerated (ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT04492631). This work has indicated that S. salivarius DB-B5 is a safe probiotic candidate.
3.
The efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial of the Probiotics Prevention Diabetes Programme (PPDP).
Yan, Q, Li, X, Feng, B
BMC endocrine disorders. 2015;:74
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in intestinal microbiota correlate with risk of development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Probiotics have been suggested to play an important role in the management of dysglycemia, although the evidence is limited. In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS/DESIGN A 24-month randomized intervention is conducted from January 2014 to December 2016. The target sample size for intervention is 200 middle-aged men and women aged 30-65 year-old with impaired glucose tolerance. Participants with persistent impaired glucose tolerance were assigned to group A (tablet A) and B (tablet B) in sequential order. The participants and investigators were blinded to the assignment. The primary outcome is development of diabetes. The secondary outcome measures include body composition, biochemical variables and the safety of the probiotics. DISCUSSION The results from this trial will provide the evidence on the efficacy and safety of probiotics administration in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in a Chinese context. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTRTRC13004024.
4.
Diet, but not oral probiotics, effectively reduces urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation.
Lieske, JC, Tremaine, WJ, De Simone, C, O'Connor, HM, Li, X, Bergstralh, EJ, Goldfarb, DS
Kidney international. 2010;(11):1178-85
Abstract
We examined the effect of a controlled diet and two probiotic preparations on urinary oxalate excretion, a risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney stone formation, in patients with mild hyperoxaluria. Patients were randomized to a placebo, a probiotic, or a synbiotic preparation. This tested whether these probiotic preparations can increase oxalate metabolism in the intestine and/or decrease oxalate absorption from the gut. Patients were maintained on a controlled diet to remove the confounding variable of differing oxalate intake from food. Urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation on the controlled diet were significantly lower compared with baseline on a free-choice diet. Neither study preparation reduced urinary oxalate excretion nor calcium oxalate supersaturation. Fecal lactobacilli colony counts increased on both preparations, whereas enterococcal and yeast colony counts were increased on the synbiotic. Total urine volume and the excretion of oxalate and calcium were all strong independent determinants of urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation. Hence, dietary oxalate restriction reduced urinary oxalate excretion, but the tested probiotics did not influence urinary oxalate levels in patients on a restricted oxalate diet. However, this study suggests that dietary oxalate restriction is useful for kidney stone prevention.