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1.
Vitamin D status and the risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu, S, Tan, B, Zhou, J, Xiao, L, Li, M, Yin, J
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 2024;:185-192
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked vitamin D deficiency with autoimmune diseases, and recent research has found low vitamin D levels in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients. We aimed to determine the variances in serum 25(OH)D levels between NMOSD patients and healthy controls. METHODS We searched English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Med, VIP) for observational studies related to serum 25(OH)D levels in NMOSD patients published up to August 24, 2023. We included studies with healthy controls and compared serum 25(OH)D levels between NMOSD patients and controls. We computed the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous variables to evaluate serum 25(OH)D levels and combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for dichotomized 25(OH)D data. RESULTS Six papers were selected for meta-analysis, including 794 participants (347 in the NMOSD group and 447 in the healthy control group). Meta-analysis showed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels in the NMOSD group (MD: -7.83, 95 % CI: -10.99 to -4.68). The risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was 23.36 times higher in the NMOSD group (OR: 23.36, 95 % CI: 0.85 to 640.76, p = 0.06>0.05), with a 94 % occurrence rate. There was no significant difference in the risk of having sufficient 25(OH)D between the groups (p = 0.12>0.05). CONCLUSION NMOSD patients have lower serum 25(OH)D levels than healthy controls. However, the current research results do not provide evidence for a causal relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and the onset of NMOSD. Routine vitamin D supplementation may be advantageous for patients with NMOSD.
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2.
Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on arrhythmia events: insight from an updated secondary analysis of > 80,000 patients (the SGLT2i-Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death).
Liao, J, Ebrahimi, R, Ling, Z, Meyer, C, Martinek, M, Sommer, P, Futyma, P, Di Vece, D, Schratter, A, Acou, WJ, et al
Cardiovascular diabetology. 2024;(1):78
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of SGLT2i on arrhythmias by conducting a meta-analysis using data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs). BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown cardioprotective effects via multiple mechanisms that may also contribute to decrease arrhythmias risk. METHODS We searched in databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov) up to April 2023. RCTs comparing SGLT2i with placebo were included. The effects of SGLT2i on atrial fibrillation(AF), atrial flutter(AFL), composite AF/AFL, ventricular fibrillation(VF), ventricular tachycardia(VT), ventricular extrasystoles(VES), sudden cardiac death(SCD) and composite VF/VT/SCD were evaluated. RESULTS 33 placebo-controlled RCTs were included, comprising 88,098 patients (48,585 in SGLT2i vs. 39,513 in placebo). The mean age was 64.9 ± 9.4 years, 63.0% were male. The mean follow-up was 1.4 ± 1.1 years. The pooled-results showed that SGLT2i was associated with a significantly lower risk of AF [risk ratio(RR): 0.88, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.78-1.00, P = 0.04] and composite AF/AFL (RR: 0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.96, P = 0.01). This favorable effect appeared to be substantially pronounced in patients with HFrEF, male gender, dapagliflozin, and > 1 year follow-up. For SCD, only in heart failure patients, SGLT2i were found to be associated with a borderline lower risk of SCD (RR: 0.67, P = 0.05). No significant effects of SGLT2i on other ventricular arrhythmic outcomes were found. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i lowers the risks of AF and AF/AFL, and this favorable effect appeared to be particularly pronounced in patients with HFrEF, male gender, dapagliflozin, and longer follow-up (> 1 year). SGLT2i lowers the risk of SCD only in heart failure patients.
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3.
Causal Association between Tea Intake and Acute Cerebrovascular Events: A Multivariate Mendelian Randomized Study in European Populations.
Deng, X, Lai, R, Zhu, J, Liang, J, Chang, W, Lv, X, Gong, L, Cai, Y, Liu, S
The Journal of nutrition. 2024;(1):79-86
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous research works have investigated the association between tea consumption and the risk of acute cerebrovascular events; however, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal association between tea intake and several acute cerebrovascular events, including any ischemic stroke, large atherosclerotic stroke (LAS), cardiogenic embolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS We obtained summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on tea intake and acute cerebrovascular events in populations of European ancestry. The GWAS on tea intake is derived from the UK Biobank, where we have chosen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with it as instrumental variables. We also obtained summary data on ischemic stroke from a GWAS meta-analysis, as well as summary data on ICH and SAH from the FinnGen study. We first explored the causal association between tea intake and several acute cerebrovascular events using univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR), and then further assessed the causal association between tea intake and SVS using multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) corrected for multiple confounders. RESULTS In UVMR, genetically predicted increases in tea intake were linked to a lower risk of SVS (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86). There was no causal association between tea intake and the risk of other acute cerebrovascular events. In the MVMR, our results show that there was still a significant causal association between drinking tea and SVS, after adjusting body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION This MR study provides new genetic evidence that increased tea intake reduces the risk of SVS in the European population. However, possibly because of limited statistical power, the study did not find that tea consumption reduced the risk of several other acute cerebrovascular events.
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4.
Effects of human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Qin, Y, Liu, S, Yang, Y, Zhong, Y, Hao, D, Han, H
Scientific reports. 2024;(1):8964
Abstract
Previous studies suggested odor stimulation may influence feeding of premature neonates. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of human milk odor stimulation on feeding of premature infants. All randomized controlled trials related to human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants published in PubMed, Cochrane, Library, Medline, Embase, Web of science databases and Chinese biomedical literature databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wanfang Chinese databases were searched, and The Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality and authenticity of the literature. Relevant information of the included studies was extracted and summarized, and the evaluation indexes were analyzed using ReviewManager5.3. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to July 28, 2022.12 articles were assessed for eligibility, and six randomized controlled studies were eventually included in the meta-analysis (PRISMA). A total of 6 randomized controlled studies with 763 patients were finally included in the study, and the quality evaluation of literatures were all grade B. Human milk odor stimulation reduced the transition time to oral feeding in premature infants [SMD = - 0.48, 95% CI (- 0.69, - 0.27), Z = 4.54, P < 0.00001] and shortened the duration of parenteral nutrition [MD = - 1.01, 95% CI (- 1.70, - 0.32), Z = 2.88, P = 0.004]. However, it did not change the length of hospitalization for premature infants [MD = - 0.03, 95% CI (- 0.41, 0.35), Z = 0.17, P = 0.86]. The implementation of human milk odor stimulation can reduce the transition time to oral feeding and the duration of parenteral nutrition in premature infants, but further studies are needed to determine whether it can reduce the length of hospital stay in premature infants. More high-quality, large-sample studies are needed to investigate the effect of human milk odor stimulation on the feeding process and other outcomes in premature infants.
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5.
Drought mitigates the adverse effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis rather than growth: A global meta-analysis considering plant functional types.
Shang, B, Agathokleous, E, Calatayud, V, Peng, J, Xu, Y, Li, S, Liu, S, Feng, Z
Plant, cell & environment. 2024;(4):1269-1284
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta-analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole-plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water-deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over- or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change.
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6.
Effect of vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid in adults with essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Qi, S, Luo, X, Liu, S, Ling, B, Si, M, Jin, H
BMJ open. 2024;(1):e074511
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing evidence-based practices. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from their inception to 25 September 2023. OUTCOMES The primary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline. The secondary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (24 hours SBP), 24-hour mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (24 hours DBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline. RESULTS A total of 23 studies comparing five vitamins (vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid) and involving 2218 participants were included. The included trials were all vitamin versus placebo, so the network was star-shaped. Among the five vitamins, only vitamin E was significantly more effective at reducing SBP (mean difference: -14.14 mm Hg, 95% credible intervals: -27.62 to -0.88) than placebo. In addition, no evidence was found that any of the five vitamins influenced DBP, 24 hours SBP, 24 hours DBP, or HR. The dose of vitamins, geographical region and percentage of males (only SBP) might be sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of vitamin intervention on blood pressure varies according to different doses of vitamins. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce SBP, but more research is needed to validate this finding. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022352332.
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7.
Predicting the death of patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yang, B, Liu, S, Qian, Z, Tong, Z
Modern rheumatology. 2024;(3):541-550
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk factors for death in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. RESULTS Twenty studies were selected. Factors that may increase death risk included older age (SMD: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.81), elevated Krebs von den Lungen-6 (SMD: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.86), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72-1.02), C-reactive protein (SMD: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.80), ferritin (SMD: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.71-1.15), creatine kinase (SMD: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.44), neutrophil (SMD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.04-0.64), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (SMD: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79), aspartate aminotransferase (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94), shorter disease duration (SMD: -0.44, 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.21), rapidly progressive ILD (RR: 4.08, 95% CI: 3.01-5.54), fever (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46-2.69), dyspnoea (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.32-2.02), and anti-Ro52 antibody positive (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.49). Female (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.94), increased albumin (SMD: -1.20, 95% CI: -1.76 to -0.64), lymphocyte (SMD: -0.49, 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.30), and arthralgia (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37-0.78) were protective factors. CONCLUSION Older age, shorter disease duration, rapidly progressive ILD, fever, dyspnoea, anti-Ro52 antibody positive, and some inflammatory markers were risk factors for death in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated ILD.
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8.
Pooled rates and demographics of POTS following SARS-CoV-2 infection versus COVID-19 vaccination: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yong, SJ, Halim, A, Liu, S, Halim, M, Alshehri, AA, Alshahrani, MA, Alshahrani, MM, Alfaraj, AH, Alburaiky, LM, Khamis, F, et al
Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. 2023;:103132
Abstract
PURPOSE To address recent concerns of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) occurring after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as of 1st June 2023. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled POTS rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19-vaccinated groups from epidemiological studies, followed by subgroup analyses by characteristic. Meta-analysis of risk ratio was conducted to compare POTS rate in infected versus uninfected groups. Meta-analysis of demographics was also performed to compare cases of post-infection and post-vaccination POTS from case reports and series. RESULTS We estimated the pooled POTS rate of 107.75 (95 % CI: 9.73 to 273.52) and 3.94 (95 % CI: 0 to 16.39) cases per 10,000 (i.e., 1.08 % and 0.039 %) in infected and vaccinated individuals based on 5 and 2 studies, respectively. Meta-regression revealed age as a significant variable influencing 86.2 % variance of the pooled POTS rate in infected population (P < 0.05). Moreover, POTS was 2.12-fold more likely to occur in infected than uninfected individuals (RR = 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.71 to 2.62, P < 0.001). Meta-analyzed demographics for cases of post-infection (n = 43) and post-vaccination (n = 17) POTS found no significant differences in several variables between groups, except that the time from exposure to symptom onset was shorter for cases of post-vaccination POTS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although evidence is limited for post-vaccination POTS, our study showed that POTS occur more frequently following SARS-CoV-2 infection than COVID-19 vaccination.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis.
Hu, Y, Liang, L, Liu, S, Kung, JY, Banh, HL
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 2023;(8):661-688
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Abstract
Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are superior in primary and secondary prevention for cardiac mortality and morbidity to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs). One of the common side effects from ACEI is dry cough. The aims of this systematic review, and network meta-analysis are to rank the risk of cough induced by different ACEIs and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or calcium channel blockers (CCB). We performed a systematic review, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to rank the risk of cough induced by each ACEI and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or CCB. A total of 135 RCTs with 45,420 patients treated with eleven ACEIs were included in the analyses. The pooled estimated relative risk (RR) between ACEI and placebo was 2.21 (95% CI: 2.05-2.39). ACEI had more incidences of cough than ARB (RR 3.2; 95% CI: 2.91, 3.51), and pooled estimated of RR between ACEI and CCB was 5.30 (95% CI: 4.32-6.50) Moexipril ranked as number one for inducing cough (SUCRA 80.4%) and spirapril ranked the least (SUCRA 12.3%). The order for the rest of the ACEIs are as follows: ramipril (SUCRA 76.4%), fosinopril (SUCRA 72.5%), lisinopril (SUCRA 64.7%), benazepril (SUCRA 58.6%), quinapril (SUCRA 56.5%), perindopril (SUCRA 54.1%), enalapril (SUCRA 49.7%), trandolapril (SUCRA 44.6%) and, captopril (SUCRA 13.7%). All ACEI has the similar risk of developing a cough. ACEI should be avoided in patients who have risk of developing cough, and an ARB or CCB is an alternative based on the patient's comorbidity.
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Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk.
Tobias, DK, Manning, AK, Wessel, J, Raghavan, S, Westerman, KE, Bick, AG, Dicorpo, D, Whitsel, EA, Collins, J, Correa, A, et al
Diabetes care. 2023;(11):1978-1985
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an aging-related accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, leading to clonal expansion. CHIP presence has been implicated in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality, but its association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. We hypothesized that CHIP is associated with elevated risk of T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CHIP was derived from whole-genome sequencing of blood DNA in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) prospective cohorts. We performed analysis for 17,637 participants from six cohorts, without prior T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. We evaluated baseline CHIP versus no CHIP prevalence with incident T2D, including associations with DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, and TP53 variants. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, education, self-reported race/ethnicity, and combined cohorts' estimates via fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 63.4 (11.5) years, 76% were female, and CHIP prevalence was 6.0% (n = 1,055) at baseline. T2D was diagnosed in n = 2,467 over mean follow-up of 9.8 years. Participants with CHIP had 23% (CI 1.04, 1.45) higher risk of T2D than those with no CHIP. Specifically, higher risk was for TET2 (HR 1.48; CI 1.05, 2.08) and ASXL1 (HR 1.76; CI 1.03, 2.99) mutations; DNMT3A was nonsignificant (HR 1.15; CI 0.93, 1.43). Statistical power was limited for JAK2 and TP53 analyses. CONCLUSIONS CHIP was associated with higher incidence of T2D. CHIP mutations located on genes implicated in CHD and mortality were also related to T2D, suggesting shared aging-related pathology.