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Calcium and vitamin D supplementation through fortified dairy products counterbalances seasonal variations of bone metabolism indices: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Tenta, R, Moschonis, G, Koutsilieris, M, Manios, Y
European journal of nutrition. 2011;(5):341-9
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products on bone metabolism and bone mass indices in postmenopausal women. METHODS Forty postmenopausal women (55-65 years old) were equally randomized into a dietary group (DG), receiving daily and for 30 months, 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D(3) for the first 12 months that increased to 22.5 μg for the remaining 18 months of intervention through fortified dairy products; and a control group (CG). Differences in the changes of bone metabolism and bone mass indices were examined with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS A significant increase was observed for PTH levels only in the CG during the first six winter months of intervention (p = 0.049). After 30 months of intervention, during winter, serum 25(OH)D significantly decreased in the CG while remained in the same high levels as in the summer period in the DG. Serum RANKL levels decreased significantly in the DG compared with the increase in the CG during the 30-month intervention period (p = 0.005). Serum CTx decreased significantly in the DG after six (-0.08; -0.12 to -0.03) and 12 (-0.03; -0.08 to -0.02) months of intervention. Finally, the DG had more favorable changes in total body BMD than the CG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in osteopenic postmenopausal women appears to be effective in producing favorable changes in several bone metabolism and bone mass indices and in counterbalancing seasonal variations in hormonal and biochemical molecules.
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Changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density after a 12-mo dietary intervention program: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Manios, Y, Moschonis, G, Trovas, G, Lyritis, GP
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;(3):781-9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In southern Europe, calcium supplementation alone is a common practice for osteoporosis prevention. OBJECTIVE We examined whether calcium supplementation could be as effective in achieving favorable bone mass changes in postmenopausal women as is a holistic dietary approach including dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D3. DESIGN A sample of 101 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a dairy intervention group (n = 39) who received daily approximately 1200 mg Ca and 7.5 microg vitamin D3 via fortified dairy products and attended biweekly nutrition education sessions; a calcium-supplemented group (n = 26) who received a total of 1200 mg Ca/d; and a control group (n = 36). RESULTS The increases observed in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were greater in the dairy intervention group than in the 2 other groups, especially during the first 5 mo of intervention (P = 0.034). The decreases and increases observed during 5 and 12 mo, respectively, in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were significant in all groups (P = 0.050). Serum parathyroid hormone increased only in the control group, and serum type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide decreased only in the dairy intervention group during both 5 and 12 mo of intervention (P = 0.035 and 0.047, respectively). The dairy intervention group had greater improvements in pelvis (P = 0.040), total spine (P = 0.001), and total-body (P = 0.001) bone mineral density than did the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION The application of a holistic intervention approach combining nutrition education and consumption of fortified dairy products for 12 mo can induce more favorable changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density than can calcium supplementation alone.