1.
The effects of a 30-month dietary intervention on bone mineral density: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Moschonis, G, Katsaroli, I, Lyritis, GP, Manios, Y
The British journal of nutrition. 2010;(1):100-7
Abstract
Low dietary Ca intake and vitamin D insufficiency have been implicated as part of the aetiology leading to osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a 30-month dietary intervention that combined supplementation of dairy products fortified with Ca and vitamin D3 and lifestyle and nutrition counselling sessions on bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women. Sixty-six postmenopausal women (aged 55-65 years) were randomised into a dietary group (DG; n 35), receiving daily and for the first 12 months 1200 mg Ca and 7.5 microg vitamin D3, while for the next 18 months of intervention 1200 mg Ca and 22.5 microg vitamin D3 through fortified dairy products, and a control group (CG; n 31) receiving neither counselling nor dairy products. The DG was found to have more favourable changes in arms (P < 0.001), total spine (P = 0.001) and total body BMD (P < 0.001) compared with the CG. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed for the DG in lumbar spine BMD (0.056; 95 % CI 0.009, 0.103), which was not found to differentiate significantly compared with the change observed in the CG (P = 0.075). In conclusion, the present study showed that intakes of vitamin D of about 22.5 microg/d and of Ca close to the recommended level of 1200 mg from fortified dairy foods for 30 months, with compliance ensured by lifestyle and nutrition counselling sessions, can induce favourable changes in arms, total spine and total body BMD of postmenopausal women.
2.
Changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density after a 12-mo dietary intervention program: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Manios, Y, Moschonis, G, Trovas, G, Lyritis, GP
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;(3):781-9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In southern Europe, calcium supplementation alone is a common practice for osteoporosis prevention. OBJECTIVE We examined whether calcium supplementation could be as effective in achieving favorable bone mass changes in postmenopausal women as is a holistic dietary approach including dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D3. DESIGN A sample of 101 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a dairy intervention group (n = 39) who received daily approximately 1200 mg Ca and 7.5 microg vitamin D3 via fortified dairy products and attended biweekly nutrition education sessions; a calcium-supplemented group (n = 26) who received a total of 1200 mg Ca/d; and a control group (n = 36). RESULTS The increases observed in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were greater in the dairy intervention group than in the 2 other groups, especially during the first 5 mo of intervention (P = 0.034). The decreases and increases observed during 5 and 12 mo, respectively, in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were significant in all groups (P = 0.050). Serum parathyroid hormone increased only in the control group, and serum type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide decreased only in the dairy intervention group during both 5 and 12 mo of intervention (P = 0.035 and 0.047, respectively). The dairy intervention group had greater improvements in pelvis (P = 0.040), total spine (P = 0.001), and total-body (P = 0.001) bone mineral density than did the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION The application of a holistic intervention approach combining nutrition education and consumption of fortified dairy products for 12 mo can induce more favorable changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density than can calcium supplementation alone.
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Skeletal site-dependent response of bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound parameters following a 12-month dietary intervention using dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Moschonis, G, Manios, Y
The British journal of nutrition. 2006;(6):1140-8
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine whether calcium supplementation could prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women or more favourable outcomes could be obtained via the consumption of dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D3. For this purpose changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, as well as in quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters of the calcaneus over 12 months were estimated. A population of 101 postmenopausal women (55-65 years old) was randomized into a dairy group (DG: n 39), receiving approximately 1200 mg calcium/d and 7.5 microg vitamin D3/d through fortified dairy products; a calcium-supplemented group (CaG: n 26) provided with a calcium supplement of 600 mg/d; and a control group (CG: n 36). Over the intervention period the DG was found to have more favourable changes in pelvis (P=0.040), total spine (P<0.001) and total body BMD (P<0.001) than the other groups. A significant increase was also observed for DG in lumbar spine BMD (2.0%; 95% CI 0.5, 3.5) although it did not differentiate significantly compared to the other groups. No significant differences were observed with respect to the changes in QUS parameters. The current study revealed that recommended intakes of vitamin D3 and calcium via fortified dairy products for 12 months can induce favourable changes in pelvis, total spine and total body BMD in postmenopausal women but not in QUS parameters. No such favourable changes were observed via supplementation of calcium alone.