1.
[Recommendations of FRAX in clinical assessment of osteoporosis indicated in European and US guidelines].
Nakamura, T
Clinical calcium. 2009;(12):1723-8
Abstract
WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) been included in two representative guidelines, one issued from European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the other from National Osteoporosis Foundation in U.S. (NOF). Both guidelines commonly set the new track for the use of FRAX with BMD in addition to the conventional algorithm based on BMD and clinical risk factors. However, two guidelines differ in determining intervention threshold values of FRAX. ESCEO guideline proposed age-dependent values of, such as approximately 15%, 20%, and 30% of 10-year fracture probability for major osteoporotic fractures at the respective ages of 60, 70, and 80 years for postmenopausal women. On the other hand, NOF guideline indicated the fixed value 20% for osteoporotic fracture or 3% for hip fracture at the ages of 50 or more. These two different approaches may provide clues when including FRAX in the guideline for clinicians in Japan.
2.
[Absolute risk for fracture and WHO guideline. Fracture risk assessments recommended by World Health Organization and Japanese guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 2006].
Nakamura, T, ,
Clinical calcium. 2007;(7):1022-8
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a strong predictor of osteoporotic fractures. However, the increase in fracture risk is not steep, rather gentle, for the decline in BMD values. Postmenopausal women with osteopenia (T scores between - 2.5 and - 1.0) may also be at risk. Case finding strategies such as the combination of BMD and appropriate clinical risk factors for fracture are shown to identify subjects at high fracture risk. World Health Organization developed a fracture risk assessment tool, recommending its exploitation in the case findings. Under these circumstances, Japan guideline 2006 provided new criteria for the pharmacological intervention to prevent fragility fracture, besides the conventional criteria for diagnosing osteoporosis.