1.
Acute effects of three high-fat meals with different fat saturations on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and satiety.
Casas-Agustench, P, López-Uriarte, P, Bulló, M, Ros, E, Gómez-Flores, A, Salas-Salvadó, J
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2009;(1):39-45
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To compare the acute effects of three fatty meals with different fat quality on postprandial thermogenesis, substrate oxidation and satiety. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy men aged between 18 and 30 years participated in a randomised crossover trial comparing the thermogenic effects of three isocaloric meals: high in polyunsaturated fatty acids from walnuts, high in monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil, and high in saturated fatty acids from fat-rich dairy products. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, 5-h postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Satiety was estimated by using visual analogue scales and measuring caloric intake in a subsequent ad libitum meal. RESULTS Five-h postprandial thermogenesis was higher by 28% after the high-polyunsaturated meal (p=0.039) and by 23% higher after the high-monounsaturated meal (p=0.035) compared with the high-saturated meal. Fat oxidation rates increased nonsignificantly after the two meals rich in unsaturated fatty acids and decreased nonsignificantly after the high-saturated fatty acid meal. Postprandial respiratory quotient, protein and carbohydrate oxidation, and satiety measures were similar among meals. CONCLUSIONS Fat quality determined the thermogenic response to a fatty meal but had no clear effects on substrate oxidation or satiety.
2.
Physical activity, energy balance and obesity.
Luís Griera, J, María Manzanares, J, Barbany, M, Contreras, J, Amigó, P, Salas-Salvadó, J
Public health nutrition. 2007;(10A):1194-9
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Abstract
Obesity appears when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. The most important variable compound of energy expenditure is physical activity. The global epidemics of obesity seem closely related to reduced physical activity and sedentariness widely increasing nowadays. Once obesity has developed, caloric intake becomes similar to energy expenditure. To lose weight, besides decreasing energy intake, energy expenditure must be increased. The promotion of physical activity is difficult and so the results of treatment of obesity are discouraging for doctors, other health professionals and patients. Proactive efforts from patients and health providers with an intensive feedback between them may be extremely helpful. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide better approaches on the role of physical activity for the prevention and treatment of obesity and for long-term weight-loss maintenance.