-
1.
Emerging Contaminants: An Emerging Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus.
Niu, H, Xu, M, Tu, P, Xu, Y, Li, X, Xing, M, Chen, Z, Wang, X, Lou, X, Wu, L, et al
Toxics. 2024;(1)
Abstract
Emerging contaminants have been increasingly recognized as critical determinants in global public health outcomes. However, the intricate relationship between these contaminants and glucose metabolism remains to be fully elucidated. The paucity of comprehensive clinical data, coupled with the need for in-depth mechanistic investigations, underscores the urgency to decipher the precise molecular and cellular pathways through which these contaminants potentially mediate the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus. A profound understanding of the epidemiological impact of these emerging contaminants, as well as the elucidation of the underlying mechanistic pathways, is indispensable for the formulation of evidence-based policy and preventive interventions. This review systematically aggregates contemporary findings from epidemiological investigations and delves into the mechanistic correlates that tether exposure to emerging contaminants, including endocrine disruptors, perfluorinated compounds, microplastics, and antibiotics, to glycemic dysregulation. A nuanced exploration is undertaken focusing on potential dietary sources and the consequential role of the gut microbiome in their toxic effects. This review endeavors to provide a foundational reference for future investigations into the complex interplay between emerging contaminants and diabetes mellitus.
-
2.
Ferric citrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency anaemia in patients with NDD-CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ding, X, Sun, S, Zhang, J, Zhao, H, Lun, F, Liu, X, Zhen, Y, Dong, J, Wu, J
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2024;:1285012
Abstract
Background: The application of ferric citrate therapy has yielded unexpected benefits in recent years for Chronic kidney disease patients suffering from hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency -anaemia. Despite this, earlier research on the impact of ferric citrate on NDD-CKD has been contentious. Objective: The goal of the meta-analysis is to evaluate the evidence regarding the advantages and dangers of ferric citrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency anaemia in NDD-CKD patients. Methods: Between the start of the study and June 2022, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, Wan Fang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases for randomised controlled trials of iron citrate for hyperphosphatemia and anaemia in patients with NDD-CKD. For binary categorical data, risk ratios (OR) were employed, and for continuous variables, weighted mean differences The effect sizes for both count and measurement data were expressed using 95% confidence intervals Results: The meta-analysis includes eight trials with a total of 1281 NDD-CKD patients. The phosphorus-lowering effect of ferric citrate was greater compared to the control group (WMD, -0.55, 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.28; I2 = 86%, p < 0.001). Calcium (WMD, 0.092; 95% CI, -0.051 to 0.234; p > 0.05; I2 = 61.9%), PTH (WMD, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.44 to 0.23; I2 = 75%, p > 0.05) and iFGF23 (WMD, -7.62; 95% CI, -21.18 to 5.94; I2 = 20%, p > 0.05) levels were not statistically different after ferric citrate treatment compared to control treatment. Furthermore, ferric citrate increased iron reserves and haemoglobin. The ferric citrate group had considerably greater levels than the controls. Ferric citrate, on the other hand, may raise the risk of constipation, diarrhoea, and nausea. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that ferric citrate had a beneficial effect in the treatment of NDD-CKD, particularly in reducing blood phosphorus levels when compared to a control intervention. It also shown that ferric citrate has a favourable effect on iron intake and anaemia management. In terms of safety, ferric citrate may increase the likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects.
-
3.
B Cells Dynamic in Aging and the Implications of Nutritional Regulation.
Yu, Y, Lu, C, Yu, W, Lei, Y, Sun, S, Liu, P, Bai, F, Chen, Y, Chen, J
Nutrients. 2024;(4)
Abstract
Aging negatively affects B cell production, resulting in a decrease in B-1 and B-2 cells and impaired antibody responses. Age-related B cell subsets contribute to inflammation. Investigating age-related alterations in the B-cell pool and developing targeted therapies are crucial for combating autoimmune diseases in the elderly. Additionally, optimal nutrition, including carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and especially lipids, play a vital role in supporting immune function and mitigating the age-related decline in B cell activity. Research on the influence of lipids on B cells shows promise for improving autoimmune diseases. Understanding the aging B-cell pool and considering nutritional interventions can inform strategies for promoting healthy aging and reducing the age-related disease burden.
-
4.
Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with Wilson's disease: a case report and literature review.
Yang, Z, Li, Q, Liu, S, Zong, Z, Yu, L, Sun, S
BMC pediatrics. 2024;(1):253
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Wilson's disease (WD) are both systemic diseases that can affect multiple organs in the body. The coexistence of SLE and WD is rarely encountered in clinical practice, making it challenging to diagnose. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 9-year-old girl who initially presented with proteinuria, haematuria, pancytopenia, hypocomplementemia, and positivity for multiple autoantibodies. She was diagnosed with SLE, and her blood biochemistry showed elevated liver enzymes at the time of diagnosis. Despite effective control of her symptoms, her liver enzymes remained elevated during regular follow-up. Laboratory tests revealed decreased serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, along with elevated urinary copper. Liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis, moderate inflammation, moderate-severe fibrosis, and a trend towards local cirrhosis. Genetic sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP7B gene, confirming the diagnosis of SLE with WD. The girl received treatment with a high-zinc/low-copper diet, but her liver function did not improve. Upon recommendation following multidisciplinary consultation, she underwent liver transplantation. Unfortunately, she passed away on the fourth day after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS SLE and WD are diseases that involve multiple systems and organs in the body, and SLE complicated with WD is rarely encountered in the clinic; therefore, it is easy to misdiagnose. Because penicillamine can induce lupus, it is not recommended. Liver transplantation is indicated for patients with liver disease who do not respond to medical treatment with WD. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of liver transplantation for patients with SLE complicated with WD.
-
5.
Influence of Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy.
Yu, X, Li, W, Li, Z, Wu, Q, Sun, S
International journal of biological sciences. 2024;(6):2264-2294
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in immunotherapy has recently garnered substantial attention, with molecular studies and clinical trials providing emerging evidence on the pivotal influence of the microbiota in enhancing therapeutic outcomes via immune response modulation. However, the impact of microbial communities can considerably vary across individuals and different immunotherapeutic approaches, posing prominent challenges in harnessing their potential. In this comprehensive review, we outline the current research applications in tumor immunotherapy and delve into the possible mechanisms through which immune function is influenced by microbial communities in various body sites, encompassing those in the gut, extraintestinal barrier, and intratumoral environment. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of diverse microbiome-based strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and the targeted modulation of specific microbial taxa, and antibiotic treatments on cancer immunotherapy. All these strategies potentially have a profound impact on immunotherapy and pave the way for personalized therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
-
6.
Chinese olive (Canarium album Rauesch.): a critical review on its nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, and practical applications.
Yu, K, Wang, Y, Hu, WJ, Zhang, ZJ, Zhou, GY, Sun, S, Kuang, HX, Wang, M
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2023;:1275113
Abstract
Chinese olive is a popular fruit with a long history of cultivation and consumption. As a fruit with edible, nutritional, and even medicinal value, the Chinese olive has attracted increased interest from both nutrition researchers and health-conscious consumers. Chinese olive is a rich nutrient source, including essential and non-essential amino acids, various fatty acids, organic acids, vitamins, microelements, and high-quality dietary fibers. It is also an important natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other bioactive compounds. The nutritional and phytochemical compounds obtained from the Chinese olive exhibit unique and potent biological activities, explaining its various benefits to human health, including anti-Helicobacter pylori, anti-influenza, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor effects, among others. This review focuses on recent studies on Chinese olives and aims to summarize the major advances in their nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, and practical applications. It provides a reference for further research on Chinese olives and their properties and the development of novel functional products.
-
7.
The vital role of exercise and nutrition in COVID-19 rehabilitation: synergizing strength.
Peterson, BM, Unger, I, Sun, S, Park, JY, Kim, J, Gunasekera, RS, Wilson, J, Galbadage, T
Frontiers in sports and active living. 2023;:1305175
Abstract
Since the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global healthcare community has faced the challenge of understanding and addressing the ongoing and multi-faceted SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. As millions of individuals worldwide continue to navigate the complexities of post-hospitalization recovery, reinfection rates, and the increasing prevalence of Long-COVID symptoms, comprehensive COVID-19 rehabilitation strategies are greatly needed. Previous studies have highlighted the potential synergy between exercise and nutrition, suggesting that their integration into patient rehabilitation programs may yield improved clinical outcomes for survivors of COVID-19. Our group aimed to consolidate existing knowledge following the implementation of patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) search strategies on the distinct and combined impacts of exercise and nutrition interventions in facilitating the recovery of COVID-19 patients following hospitalization, with a specific focus on their implications for both public health and clinical practice. The incorporation of targeted nutritional strategies alongside exercise-based programs may expedite patient recovery, ultimately promoting independence in performing activities of daily living (ADLs). Nonetheless, an imperative for expanded scientific inquiry remains, particularly in the realm of combined interventions. This mini-review underscores the compelling prospects offered by an amalgamated approach, advocating for the seamless integration of exercise and nutrition as integral components of post-hospitalization COVID-19 rehabilitation. The pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects and effectiveness of exercise and nutrition stands as a crucial objective in advancing patient care and refining recovery strategies in the wake of this enduring global health crisis.
-
8.
Medications and Food Interfering with the Bioavailability of Levothyroxine: A Systematic Review.
Liu, H, Lu, M, Hu, J, Fu, G, Feng, Q, Sun, S, Chen, C
Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2023;:503-523
Abstract
PURPOSE Levothyroxine is a common prescribed drug. Many medications and food, however, can interfere with its bioavailability. The aim of this review was to summarize the medications, food and beverages that interact with levothyroxine and to assess their effects, mechanisms and treatments. METHODS A systematic review on interfering substances that interact with levothyroxine was performed. Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane library, grey literature from other sources and the lists of references were searched for human studies comparing the levothyroxine efficacy with and without interfering substances. The patient characteristics, drug classes, effects and mechanism were extracted. The NHLBI study quality assessment tools and the JBI critical appraisal checklist were used to assess the quality of included studies. RESULTS A total of 107 articles with 128 studies were included. Drugs interactions were revealed in calcium and iron supplements, proton pump inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, phosphate binders, sex hormones, anticonvulsants and other drugs. Some food and beverage could also induce malabsorption. Proposed mechanisms included direct complexing, alkalization, alteration of serum thyroxine-binding globulin levels and acceleration of levothyroxine catabolism via deiodination. Dose adjustment, administration separation and discontinuation of interfering substances can eliminate the interactions. Liquid solutions and soft-gel capsules could eliminate the malabsorption due to chelation and alkalization. The qualities of most included studies were moderate. CONCLUSION Lots of medications and food can impair the bioavailability of levothyroxine. Clinicians, patients and pharmaceutical companies should be aware of the possible interactions. Further well-designed studies are needed to provide more solid evidence on treatment and mechanisms.
-
9.
Transcription factor E4F1 as a regulator of cell life and disease progression.
Sun, S, Zhong, B, Zeng, X, Li, J, Chen, Q
Science advances. 2023;(39):eadh1991
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
E4F transcription factor 1 (E4F1), a member of the GLI-Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins, is now widely recognized as a transcription factor. It plays a critical role in regulating various cell processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and necrosis, DNA damage response, and cell metabolism. These processes involve intricate molecular regulatory networks, making E4F1 an important mediator in cell biology. Moreover, E4F1 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances in E4F1 research, from its first report to the present, including studies on its protein domains, molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and biological functions, and implications for human diseases. We also address unresolved questions and potential research directions in this field. This review provides insights into the essential roles of E4F1 in human health and disease and may pave the way for facilitating E4F1 from basic research to clinical applications.
-
10.
The efficacy of metformin for the treatment of psoriasis: a meta-analysis study.
Huang, Z, Li, J, Chen, H, Yu, D, Sun, S
Postepy dermatologii i alergologii. 2023;(5):606-610
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin has potential in treating patients with psoriasis, and this meta-analysis aims to explore the impact of metformin supplementation on treatment efficacy for psoriasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched, and we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of metformin on treatment efficacy for patients with psoriasis. RESULTS Three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control intervention for psoriasis, metformin intervention resulted in significantly increased psoriasis area severity index (PASI) 75% reduction (odds ratio (OR) = 22.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.12 to 228.49; p = 0.01), and erythema, scaling and induration (ESI) 75% reduction (OR = 9.12; 95% CI: 2.13 to 39.02; p = 0.003), and was associated with substantially decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG, standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.59; 95% CI: -0.92 to -0.26; p = 0.0005), triglycerides (SMD = -0.92; 95% CI: -1.38 to -0.47; p < 0.0001), total cholesterol (SMD = -0.77; 95% CI: -1.22 to -0.32; p = 0.00008), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, SMD = -0.67; 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.23; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Metformin supplementation effectively improves treatment efficacy and metabolic syndrome in psoriasis patients.