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Scutellarin activates IDH1 to exert antitumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
Cui, Z, Li, C, Liu, W, Sun, M, Deng, S, Cao, J, Yang, H, Chen, P
Cell death & disease. 2024;(4):267
Abstract
Isochlorate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is an important metabolic enzyme for the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which has antitumor effects and is considered to have potential antitumor effects. The activation of IDH1 as a pathway for the development of anticancer drugs has not been attempted. We demonstrated that IDH1 can limit glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to activate the tumor immune microenvironment. In addition, through proteomic microarray analysis, we identified a natural small molecule, scutellarin (Scu), which activates IDH1 and inhibits the growth of HCC cells. By selectively modifying Cys297, Scu promotes IDH1 active dimer formation and increases α-KG production, leading to ubiquitination and degradation of HIF1a. The loss of HIF1a further leads to the inhibition of glycolysis in HCC cells. The activation of IDH1 by Scu can significantly increase the level of α-KG in tumor tissue, downregulate the HIF1a signaling pathway, and activate the tumor immune microenvironment in vivo. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of IDH1-α-KG-HIF1a on the growth of HCC cells and evaluated the inhibitory effect of Scu, the first IDH1 small molecule agonist, which provides a reference for cancer immunotherapy involving activated IDH1.
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Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails.
Xing, NN, Ren, F, Yang, H
Food & nutrition research. 2024
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate how effective a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is for changing key physical measurements such as weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and fat mass (FM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were obese or overweight. METHODS Several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WOS), were searched systematically to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until June 2023. The Q-test and I2 statistics were used to assess the level of heterogeneity among the included studies. The data were then combined using either a fixed or random effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of the 682 citations, 11 RCTs were included. The pooled results showed a significant decrease in the WMD of weight levels [WMD = -9.13 kg; 95% CI, -11.88, -6.39, P < 0.001; I2 = 87.23%] following KD. Moreover, KD significantly reduced BMI levels [WMD = -2.93 kg/m2; 95% CI, -3.65, -2.21, P < 0.001; I2 = 78.81%] compared to the controls. Patients with PCOS received KD demonstrated significant decrease in WC [WMD = -7.62 cm; 95% CI, -10.73, -4.50, P < 0.001; I2 = 89.17%] and FM [WMD = -5.32 kg; 95% CI, -7.29, -3.36, P < 0.001; I2 = 83.97%]. CONCLUSION KD was associated with lower weight loss (WL) parameters, including weight, BMI, WC, and FM, in obese or overweight women with PCOS, highlighting the significance of physicians and nurses in taking care of the nutritional needs of overweight/obese patients with PCOS.
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Bioavailability and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols affected by non-thermal processing technology in fruits and vegetables.
Liu, Y, Deng, J, Zhao, T, Yang, X, Zhang, J, Yang, H
Current research in food science. 2024;:100715
Abstract
Plant polyphenols play an essential role in human health. The bioactivity of polyphenols depends not only on their content but also on their bioavailability in food. The processing techniques, especially non-thermal processing, improve the retention and bioavailability of polyphenolic substances. However, there are limited studies summarizing the relationship between non-thermal processing, the bioavailability of polyphenols, and potential mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the effects of non-thermal processing techniques on the content and bioavailability of polyphenols in fruits and vegetables. Importantly, the disruption of cell walls and membranes, the inhibition of enzyme activities, free radical reactions, plant stress responses, and interactions of polyphenols with the food matrix caused by non-thermal processing are described. This study aims to enhance understanding of the significance of non-thermal processing technology in preserving the nutritional properties of dietary polyphenols in plant-based foods. It also offers theoretical support for the contribution of non-thermal processing technology in improving food nutrition.
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Revealing the clinical effect and biological mechanism of acupuncture in COPD: A review.
Shi, F, Cao, J, Zhou, D, Wang, X, Yang, H, Liu, T, Chen, Z, Zeng, J, Du, S, Yang, L, et al
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2024;:115926
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide new ideas for the clinical and mechanism research of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study systematically reviews clinical research and the progress of basic research of acupuncture in the treatment of COPD. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using acupuncture and COPD as keywords in the last 10 years, and the included literature was determined according to exclusion criteria. FINDINGS Acupuncture can relieve clinical symptoms, improve exercise tolerance, anxiety, and nutritional status, as well as hemorheological changes (blood viscosity), reduce the inflammatory response, and reduce the duration and frequency of COPD in patients with COPD. Mechanistically, acupuncture inhibits M1 macrophage activity, reduces neutrophil infiltration, reduces inflammatory factor production in alveolar type II epithelial cells, inhibits mucus hypersecretion of airway epithelial cells, inhibits the development of chronic inflammation in COPD, and slows tissue structure destruction. Acupuncture may control pulmonary COPD inflammation through the vagal-cholinergic anti-inflammatory, vagal-adrenomedullary-dopamine, vagal-dual-sensory nerve fiber-pulmonary, and CNS-hypothalamus-orexin pathways. Furthermore, acupuncture can increase endogenous cortisol levels by inhibiting the HPA axis, thus improving airway antioxidant capacity and reducing airway inflammation in COPD. In conclusion, the inhibition of the chronic inflammatory response is the key mechanism of acupuncture treatment for COPD.
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Ketogenic therapy towards precision medicine for brain diseases.
Liu, Y, Fan, L, Yang, H, Wang, D, Liu, R, Shan, T, Xia, X
Frontiers in nutrition. 2024;:1266690
Abstract
Precision nutrition and nutrigenomics are emerging in the development of therapies for multiple diseases. The ketogenic diet (KD) is the most widely used clinical diet, providing high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein. KD produces ketones and alters the metabolism of patients. Growing evidence suggests that KD has therapeutic effects in a wide range of neuronal diseases including epilepsy, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Although KD is considered to be a low-side-effect diet treatment, its therapeutic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Also, its induced keto-response among different populations has not been elucidated. Understanding the ketone metabolism in health and disease is critical for the development of KD-associated therapeutics and synergistic therapy under any physiological background. Here, we review the current advances and known heterogeneity of the KD response and discuss the prospects for KD therapy from a precision nutrition perspective.
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Crosstalk between metabolism and cell death in tumorigenesis.
Yang, S, Hu, C, Chen, X, Tang, Y, Li, J, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Ying, B, Xiao, X, Li, SZ, et al
Molecular cancer. 2024;(1):71
Abstract
It is generally recognized that tumor cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells. Due to such an abnormally rapid proliferation rate, cancer cells constantly encounter the limits of insufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies. To satisfy their growth needs and resist adverse environmental events, tumor cells modify the metabolic pathways to produce both extra energies and substances required for rapid growth. Realizing the metabolic characters special for tumor cells will be helpful for eliminating them during therapy. Cell death is a hot topic of long-term study and targeting cell death is one of the most effective ways to repress tumor growth. Many studies have successfully demonstrated that metabolism is inextricably linked to cell death of cancer cells. Here we summarize the recently identified metabolic characters that specifically impact on different types of cell deaths and discuss their roles in tumorigenesis.
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The impact of early nutritional support on postoperative wound healing in patients with complex fractures: A meta-analysis review.
Bao, L, Chu, R, Zhang, L, Li, J, Yang, H, Pang, H
International wound journal. 2024;(3):e14782
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Abstract
Complex fractures present significant challenges in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in terms of postoperative wound healing. Nutritional status plays a crucial role in the recovery process, with early nutritional support potentially influencing wound healing outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of early nutritional interventions on postoperative wound healing and scar formation in patients with complex fractures. From an initial pool of 1742 articles, 7 studies were selected for analysis. The results revealed that preoperative nutritional support significantly improved early wound healing, as indicated by lower REEDA scores (SMD = -14.06, 95% CI: [-16.79, -11.32], p < 0.01) 1 week post-surgery. Furthermore, there was a notable reduction in scar formation, as demonstrated by lower Manchester Scar Scale scores (SMD = -25.03, 95% CI: [-30.32, -19.74], p < 0.01) 3 months post-surgery. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating nutritional strategies into the management of complex fractures to optimize postoperative recovery.
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Variations of plasma oxidative stress levels in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Correlations with psychopathology and matrix metalloproteinase-9: a case-control study.
Yang, H, Zhang, C, Yang, M, Liu, J, Zhang, Y, Liu, D, Zhang, X
BMC psychiatry. 2024;(1):20
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to the mechanism of schizophrenia. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the associations of OS parameters and MMP-9 levels with psychopathological symptoms in male chronic schizophrenia patients. METHODS This study was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective case-control study. Plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) levels were assayed in 80 male patients with chronic schizophrenia and 80 matched healthy controls. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Multivariate regression was used to analyze relationships between OS parameters and MMP-9, and clinical symptoms. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that levels of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GSH-Px, H2O2, and MDA were significantly decreased, whereas CAT and MMP-9 levels were increased in patients with schizophrenia, when compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). In schizophrenia patients, correlation analyses showed that H2O2 levels were significantly and positively correlated with PANSS positive scores, CAT and MDA levels were significant negatively correlated with PANSS negative scores and PANSS total scores, and MDA levels were significantly positively correlated with MMP-9 levels (all P < 0.05). However, we did not find that MMP-9 played an interaction role between OS parameters and PANSS total scores and subscales scores (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that alterations of plasma OS parameters in male patients with chronic schizophrenia were associated with psychopathology and MMP-9, suggesting that OS and neuroinflammation may play important role in the mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Metabolism-regulating non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: roles, mechanisms and clinical applications.
Xu, S, Wang, L, Zhao, Y, Mo, T, Wang, B, Lin, J, Yang, H
Journal of biomedical science. 2024;(1):25
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that pose a serious threat to women's health. Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a major feature of the malignant transformation of breast cancer. Compared to normal cells, tumor cells reprogram metabolic processes more efficiently, converting nutrient supplies into glucose, amino acid and lipid required for malignant proliferation and progression. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but regulate the expression of target genes. NcRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in various aspects of energy metabolism, including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. This review focuses on the metabolic regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of metabolism-regulating ncRNAs involved in breast cancer. We summarize the vital roles played by metabolism-regulating ncRNAs for endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Difficulties and perspectives of current targeted metabolism and non-coding RNA therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Weed biology and management in the multi-omics era: Progress and perspectives.
Chen, K, Yang, H, Wu, D, Peng, Y, Lian, L, Bai, L, Wang, L
Plant communications. 2024;(4):100816
Abstract
Weeds pose a significant threat to crop production, resulting in substantial yield reduction. In addition, they possess robust weedy traits that enable them to survive in extreme environments and evade human control. In recent years, the application of multi-omics biotechnologies has helped to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying these weedy traits. In this review, we systematically describe diverse applications of multi-omics platforms for characterizing key aspects of weed biology, including the origins of weed species, weed classification, and the underlying genetic and molecular bases of important weedy traits such as crop-weed interactions, adaptability to different environments, photoperiodic flowering responses, and herbicide resistance. In addition, we discuss limitations to the application of multi-omics techniques in weed science, particularly compared with their extensive use in model plants and crops. In this regard, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the future application of multi-omics technologies to weed science research. These powerful tools hold great promise for comprehensively and efficiently unraveling the intricate molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie weedy traits. The resulting advances will facilitate the development of sustainable and highly effective weed management strategies, promoting greener practices in agriculture.