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Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption and pregnancy loss: a Mendelian randomization investigation.
Yuan, S, Liu, J, Larsson, SC
Fertility and sterility. 2021;(4):1061-1067
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption with pregnancy loss. DESIGN Mendelian randomization study. SETTING The UK Biobank study and FinnGen consortium. PATIENTS A total of 60,565 cases with pregnancy loss and 130,687 noncases from UK Biobank and 3,312 cases with pregnancy loss and 64,578 noncases from FinnGen. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAINS OUTCOME MEASURE Pregnancy loss. RESULT(S): Genetic predisposition to smoking initiation was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss in both UK Biobank and FinnGen. The combined odds ratio (OR) was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-1.37) for one standard deviation increase in the prevalence of smoking initiation. There were no significant associations of genetically predicted consumption of alcohol (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93-1.27) or coffee (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.06) with pregnancy loss. CONCLUSION(S): This study on the basis of genetic data suggests the causal potential of the association of smoking but not moderate alcohol and coffee consumption with pregnancy loss.