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Epigenetic Regulation Associated With Sirtuin 1 in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus.
Wang A, J, Wang, S, Wang B, J, Xiao, M, Guo, Y, Tang, Y, Zhang, J, Gu, J
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2020;:598012
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the largest health concerns of the 21st century due to the serious complications associated with the disease. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of DM and develop novel strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively. SIRT1 also plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been verified as a direct target of many microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, numerous studies have explored the key roles of SIRT1 and other related epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications. Thus, this review aims to present a summary of the rapidly growing field of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as the epigenetic influence of SIRT1 on the development and progression of diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Meta-analysis and review on the changes of tear function and corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients.
Lv, H, Li, A, Zhang, X, Xu, M, Qiao, Y, Zhang, J, Yu, L
Acta ophthalmologica. 2014;(2):e96-e104
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To perform a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of tear function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Research related to tear function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients was gathered using PubMed, EBSCO, OVID. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature search. The quality assessment and the data extraction were performed in accordance with exclusion criteria and cross-checking. RevMan 5.1.7 software was used for the meta-analysis. The tear film break-up time was studied in eight articles with a total of 1449 samples. Through a random-effects model analysis, the combined weighted mean difference (WMD) was -4.44 [-5.87, -3.01]. The time in diabetic patients was shorter than that in the non-diabetic group (p < 0.00001). The basal tear secretion test was studied in seven articles with a total of 949 samples. The combined WMD was -3.96 [-5.70, -2.23], and the difference between the diabetic group and control group was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). The total tear secretion test was studied in five articles with a total of 921 samples. The combined WMD was -3.96 [-7.43, -0.50]. The difference between the diabetic and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The corneal sensitivity was compared in eight studies with a total of 976 samples. Through a random-effects model analysis, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -5.14 [-6.99, -3.29]. The corneal sensitivity was lower in diabetic patients than the control group (p < 0.00001). Our study suggests that the tear functions are worse in diabetic patients compared with the control group. Moreover, patients with PDR are more predisposed to impaired tear functions.
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Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study.
Gong, Q, Gregg, EW, Wang, J, An, Y, Zhang, P, Yang, W, Li, H, Li, H, Jiang, Y, Shuai, Y, et al
Diabetologia. 2011;(2):300-7
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We determined the effects of 6 years of lifestyle intervention in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the development of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy over a 20 year period. METHODS In 1986, 577 adults with IGT from 33 clinics in Da Qing, China were randomly assigned by clinic to a control group or one of three lifestyle intervention groups (diet, exercise, and diet plus exercise). Active intervention was carried out from 1986 to 1992. In 2006 we conducted a 20 year follow-up study of the original participants to compare the incidence of microvascular complications in the combined intervention group vs the control group. RESULTS Follow-up information was obtained on 542 (94%) of the 577 original participants. The cumulative incidence of severe retinopathy was 9.2% in the combined intervention group and 16.2% in the control group (p = 0.03, log-rank test). After adjusting for clinic and age, the incidence of severe retinopathy was 47% lower in the intervention group than the control group (hazard rate ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.99, p = 0.048). No significant differences were found in the incidence of severe nephropathy (hazard rate ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.16-7.05, intervention vs control, p = 0.96) or in the prevalence of neuropathy (8.6% vs 9.1%, p = 0.89) among the 20 year survivors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Lifestyle intervention for 6 years in IGT was associated with a 47% reduction in the incidence of severe, vision-threatening retinopathy over a 20 year interval, primarily due to the reduced incidence of diabetes in the intervention group. However, similar benefits were not seen for nephropathy or neuropathy.
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[Comparison of effect between multiplex and simplex nutritional intervention on hyperlipemia, hypertension or diabetes].
Zhai, C, Zhang, J, Zhai, Y, Chen, J, Zuo, H, Jiang, L
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research. 2004;(6):719-21
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of simplex and multiplex nutritional intervention on hyperlipemia, hypertension or diabetes. METHODS 260 persons who have hyperlipemia were randomized to 3 groups: (1) "the multiplex nutritional intervention group", is given 100 g coarse food grain everyday and nutrition education, (2) "the simplex nutritional intervention group", is only given nutrition education, (3) "the control group". RESULTS After three months, the degressive value of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid respectively in the multiplex nutritional intervention group were larger than in the simplex nutritional intervention. CONCLUSION There are better effect on hyperlipemia, hypertension and diabetes by nutrition education plus passive dietary intervention than by nutrition education.