1.
Effect of a single bout of morning or afternoon exercise on glucose fluctuation in young healthy men.
Tanaka, Y, Ogata, H, Park, I, Ando, A, Ishihara, A, Kayaba, M, Yajima, K, Suzuki, C, Araki, A, Osumi, H, et al
Physiological reports. 2021;(7):e14784
Abstract
The timing of exercise plays an important role in the effect of the exercise on physiological functions, such as substrate oxidation and circadian rhythm. Exercise exerts different effects on the glycemic response to exercise and meal intake depending on when the exercise performed. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of the timing (morning or afternoon) of exercise on glucose fluctuation on the basis of several indices: glycemic variability over 24 h (24-h SD), J-index, mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Eleven young men participated in 3 trials in a repeated measures design in which they performed a single bout of exercise at 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 1 h beginning either at 7:00 (morning exercise), 16:00 (afternoon exercise), or no exercise (control). Glucose levels were measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs). Glucose fluctuation was slightly less stable when exercise was performed in the afternoon than in the morning, indicated by higher CONGA at 2 h and α2 in DFA in the afternoon exercise trial than in the control trial. Additionally, decreased stability in glucose fluctuation in the afternoon exercise trial was supported by the descending values of the other glucose fluctuation indices in order from the afternoon exercise, morning exercise, and control trials. Meal tolerance following exercise was decreased after both exercise trials. Glucose levels during exercise were decreased only in the afternoon exercise trial, resulting in less stable glucose fluctuations over 24 h.
2.
Elevated glucose level leads to rapid COVID-19 progression and high fatality.
Wang, W, Shen, M, Tao, Y, Fairley, CK, Zhong, Q, Li, Z, Chen, H, Ong, JJ, Zhang, D, Zhang, K, et al
BMC pulmonary medicine. 2021;(1):64
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify high-risk factors for disease progression and fatality for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS We enrolled 2433 COVID-19 patients and used LASSO regression and multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify the risk factors for disease progression and fatality. RESULTS The median time for progression from mild-to-moderate, moderate-to-severe, severe-to-critical, and critical-to-death were 3.0 (interquartile range: 1.8-5.5), 3.0 (1.0-7.0), 3.0 (1.0-8.0), and 6.5 (4.0-16.3) days, respectively. Among 1,758 mild or moderate patients at admission, 474 (27.0%) progressed to a severe or critical stage. Age above 60 years, elevated levels of blood glucose, respiratory rate, fever, chest tightness, c-reaction protein, lactate dehydrogenase, direct bilirubin, and low albumin and lymphocyte count were significant risk factors for progression. Of 675 severe or critical patients at admission, 41 (6.1%) died. Age above 74 years, elevated levels of blood glucose, fibrinogen and creatine kinase-MB, and low plateleta count were significant risk factors for fatality. Patients with elevated blood glucose level were 58% more likely to progress and 3.22 times more likely to die of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Older age, elevated glucose level, and clinical indicators related to systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ failures, predict both the disease progression and the fatality of COVID-19 patients.
3.
Influence of vitamin E supplementation on glycaemic control: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Xu, R, Zhang, S, Tao, A, Chen, G, Zhang, M
PloS one. 2014;(4):e95008
Abstract
Observational studies have revealed that higher serum vitamin E concentrations and increased vitamin E intake and vitamin E supplementation are associated with beneficial effects on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether vitamin E supplementation exerts a definitive effect on glycaemic control remains unclear. This article involves a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of vitamin E to better characterise its impact on HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were electronically searched from the earliest possible date through April 2013 for all relevant studies. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for net changes using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Standard methods for assessing statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were used. Fourteen randomised controlled trials involving individual data on 714 subjects were collected in this meta-analysis. Increased vitamin E supplementation did not result in significant benefits in glycaemic control as measured by reductions in HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant reduction in HbA1c (-0.58%, 95% CI -0.83 to -0.34) and fasting insulin (-9.0 pmol/l, 95% CI -15.90 to -2.10) compared with controls in patients with low baseline vitamin E status. Subgroup analyses also demonstrated that the outcomes may have been influenced by the vitamin E dosage, study duration, ethnic group, serum HbA1c concentration, and fasting glucose control status. In conclusion, there is currently insufficient evidence to support a potential beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation on improvements of HbA1c and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in subjects with T2DM.