1.
Contrast medium injection protocols for coronary CT angiography: should contrast medium volumes be tailored to body weight or body surface area?
Yin, WH, Yu, YT, Zhang, Y, An, YQ, Hou, ZH, Gao, Y, Wang, HP, Lu, B, De Santis, D, Rollins, JD, et al
Clinical radiology. 2020;(5):395.e17-395.e24
Abstract
AIM: To compare the uniformity and image quality between contrast media injection protocols adjusted for patient body weight (BW) versus body surface area (BSA) during coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients (n=489) with suspected coronary artery disease were randomised prospectively to one of two CCTA protocols. In the BW protocol (n=245), patients received individualised iodine delivery rates (≤50 kg: 1 g/s; 51-60 kg: 1.2 g/s; 61-70 kg: 1.4 g/s; 71-80 kg: 1.6 g/s; 81-90 kg: 1.8 g/s; 91-100 kg: 2 g/s; >100 kg: 2.2 g/s). In the BSA protocol (n=244), patients received 9,600 mg iodine/m2 of contrast medium over 12 seconds. Attenuation and image noise were measured. Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated. Image quality was scored. Attenuation was assessed for correlation with BW and BSA using linear regression. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in mean arterial attenuation (396.8±47.6 versus 395.8±42.2 HU, p=0.804; 95% confidence interval: -7 to 9), image noise (25.2±5.8 versus 25.5±5.4 HU; p=0.549), signal-to-noise ratio (16.7±4.4 versus 16.6±3.6; p=0.902), contrast-to-noise ratio (25.1±5.8 versus 25.8±7.4; p=0.258) or image quality scores (4.1±0.9 versus 4±0.9; p=0.770) between the BW and BSA protocols. There was no correlation between BW and aortic attenuation or between BSA and aortic attenuation (p=0.324 and 0.932, respectively). CONCLUSION The average contrast media attenuation and image quality was comparable between BW-adjusted protocol and BSA-adjusted protocol.
2.
Preventive effect of oral nicorandil on contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing elective cardiac catheterization.
Fan, Y, Wei, Q, Cai, J, Shi, Y, Zhang, Y, Yao, L, Wang, X, Lin, S, Li, Y, Lv, J, et al
Heart and vessels. 2016;(11):1776-1782
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of oral nicorandil on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. A total of 240 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min or less, who were undergoing elective cardiac catheterization, were randomly assigned to nicorandil group (n = 120, 10 mg nicorandil, three times daily from 2 days before to 3 days after procedure) or control group (n = 120, matching placebo as the same method). The primary endpoint was the incidence of CIN defined as 25 % increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 44 μmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) increase in absolute value within 72 h after exposure to contrast medium. The secondary endpoints were: (1) the changes of SCr, Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and eGFR within 72 h; (2) major adverse events (MACE) occurring within 30 days. Baseline characteristics of the patients in the two groups were similar. The incidence of CIN was significantly lower in nicorandil group compared with control group (6.67 vs. 17.5 %, P = 0.017). Compared with the control group, nicorandil group tended to have a lower SCr and Cys-C levels as well as a higher eGFR at 48 h after the procedure (all P < 0.05). There was no difference about the incidence of MACE within 30 days between nicorandil group and control group (4.16 vs. 5.83 %, P = 0.767). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that nicorandil was an independent protective factor against CIN (OR = 0.260, 95 % CI = 0.1-0.676, P = 0.006). Therefore, we concluded that oral nicorandil was associated with a decline in the incidence of CIN in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing elective cardiac catheterization.
3.
Low-dose furosemide administered with adequate hydration reduces contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Gu, GQ, Lu, R, Cui, W, Liu, F, Zhang, Y, Yang, XH, Chen, XF, Jia, WM
Cardiology. 2013;(2):69-73
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of low-dose furosemide, administered with adequate hydration on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). METHODS A total of 859 patients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography or angioplasty were enrolled and randomly assigned to a furosemide treatment or control group. All patients received supplemental hydration. Immediately after surgery, patients in the furosemide group received intravenous furosemide injection (20 mg); those in the control group received no treatment. Total fluid intake and urine output were recorded. Pre- and postsurgical changes in serum creatinine levels (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) were assessed, and the incidence of CIN was also evaluated between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to study risk factors for CIN. RESULTS General baseline conditions were similar between the two groups. Patients who received furosemide had significantly less increase in SCr and a more marked increase in GFR and CCr than those who did not. The incidence of CIN was significantly higher in the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were risk factors for CIN, whereas furosemide acted as a protective agent. CONCLUSIONS With full hydration, small doses of furosemide can reduce CIN better than hydration alone.