1.
Reprogramming extracellular vesicles with engineered proteins.
Shi, X, Cheng, Q, Zhang, Y
Methods (San Diego, Calif.). 2020;:95-102
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been emerging as a new class of cell-free therapy for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, tissue injuries, and inflammatory diseases. Reprograming native EVs by genetic engineering and other approaches offers an attractive prospect of extending therapeutic capabilities of EVs beyond their natural functions and properties. In this review article, we survey the state-of-the-art methods of EVs engineering and summarize major therapeutic applications of the reprogrammed EVs.
2.
Nanoformulations to Enhance the Bioavailability and Physiological Functions of Polyphenols.
Yang, B, Dong, Y, Wang, F, Zhang, Y
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;(20)
Abstract
Polyphenols are micronutrients that are widely present in human daily diets. Numerous studies have demonstrated their potential as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and for cancer prevention, heart protection and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to their vulnerability to environmental conditions and low bioavailability, their application in the food and medical fields is greatly limited. Nanoformulations, as excellent drug delivery systems, can overcome these limitations and maximize the pharmacological effects of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of polyphenols, together with systems for their delivery, including phospholipid complexes, lipid-based nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles, niosomes, polymers, micelles, emulsions and metal nanoparticles. The application of polyphenol nanoparticles in food and medicine is also discussed. Although loading into nanoparticles solves the main limitation to application of polyphenolic compounds, there are some concerns about their toxicological safety after entry into the human body. It is therefore necessary to conduct toxicity studies and residue analysis on the carrier.
3.
Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications.
Zhang, Y, Bi, J, Huang, J, Tang, Y, Du, S, Li, P
International journal of nanomedicine. 2020;:6917-6934
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.
4.
[Preparation, activity and targeting ability evaluation in vitro on folate mediated epigallocatechin-3-gallate albumin nanoparticles].
Zu, YG, Yuan, S, Zhao, XH, Zhang, Y, Zhang, XN, Jiang, R
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2009;(5):525-31
Abstract
To study the preparation, activity and targeting ability evaluation in vitro on epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) bovine serum albumin nanoparticles targeting to PC-3 cells, the folate mediated EGCG bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (FA-EGCG-BSANP) were prepared by desolvation process. The morphology and particle size of the nanoparticles were determined by atomic force microscope (AFM). HPLC was used to analyse the entrapment efficiency and drug loading rate of EGCG The amount of folate conjugation on the BSANP was determined by quantitative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer analysis. The targeting ability to PC-3 was observed using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and fluorophotometer microscope. And the activity of FA-EGCG-BSANP was mensurated by MTT method. The morphology and particle size distribution of FA-EGCG-BSANP were uniform and even with the mean particle size of 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency and loading rate of EGCG were (81.5 +/- 1.8) % and (29.3 +/- 0.6) %, respectively, and the amount of folate conjugation was 18.363 microg x mg(-1) BSA. The FA-EGCG-BSANP uptakes by cultured PC-3 cells were 23.65 times the amount of EGCG-BSANP in a concentration dependant manner. The lethality of PC-3 cells treated with FA-EGCG-BSA was 82.8%, while those treated with EGCG and EGCG-BSANP were 58.6% and 55.1%, respectively. And lethality of PC-3 cells was positively correlated with the nanoparticles uptake amount. FA-EGCG-BSANP can significantly promote EGCG to PC-3 cells sites and improve their efficacy, which is considered to an experimental foundation for further research on its activity, targeting ability and metabolism in vivo.