1.
Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial.
Chen, S, Zhao, X, Wan, J, Ran, L, Qin, Y, Wang, X, Gao, Y, Shu, F, Zhang, Y, Liu, P, et al
Pharmacological research. 2015;:74-81
Abstract
Ampelopsis grossedentata, a medicinal and edible plant, has been widely used in China for hundreds of years, and dihydromyricetin is the main active ingredient responsible for its various biological actions. We investigated the effects of dihydromyricetin on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory mediators and several biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In a double-blind clinical trial, sixty adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients were randomly assigned to receive either two dihydromyricetin or two placebo capsules (150 mg) twice daily for three months. The serum levels of alanine, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly decreased in the dihydromyricetin group compared with the placebo group. In the dihydromyricetin group, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-18 fragment and fibroblast growth factor 21 were decreased, whereas the levels of serum adiponectin were increased at the end of the study. We conclude that dihydromyricetin supplementation improves glucose and lipid metabolism as well as various biochemical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the therapeutic effects of dihydromyricetin are likely attributable to improved insulin resistance and decreases in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-18, and fibroblast growth factor 21.
2.
The limited effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular risk in patients with impaired glucose metabolism: a meta-analysis.
Zheng, T, Zhao, J, Wang, Y, Liu, W, Wang, Z, Shang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M
Clinical biochemistry. 2014;(6):369-77
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impacts of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular risk are not well known. We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the effects of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). DESIGN AND METHODS We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant papers for high quality randomized controlled trials comparing dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with placebo in IGM patients. Data was extracted and quality assessed independently by two reviewers. Authors were contacted for missing information. Overall estimates were calculated using a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model, and the possibility of publication bias was examined using a funnel plot. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the association between the risk markers and study characteristics. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 19 studies, 24,788 patients. Compared with placebo, n-3 PUFAs had no statistically significant reduce effect on cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality or composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for cardiovascular cause, however it can significantly reduce the level of triglycerides (weighted mean difference [WMD] -0.25mmol/L; 95% CI -0.37 to -0.13: p<0.001; 12 trials, 13,921 patients). CONCLUSION Marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no protective effect on cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality and composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for cardiovascular cause in IGM patients, but can reduce triglyceride level.
3.
A tentative model for (D)-glucose turnover in human saliva.
Cetik, S, Zhang, Y, Hupkens, E, Jurysta, C, Malaisse, WJ, Sener, A
Archives of oral biology. 2013;(10):1265-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to propose a tentative model for d-glucose turnover in human saliva. The whole saliva and the saliva from parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands were collected by use of the Salivette™. RESULTS The saliva glucose concentration was measured by the hexokinase method, saliva bacteria glycolysis by use of d-[5-(3)H] glucose, and the saliva ATP content by the luciferase method. The concentration of glucose amounted to 43.9±6.3 (n=29), 197.5±17.3 (n=29), 104.0±12.4 (n=27) μM in whole saliva, parotid saliva and submandibular/sublingual saliva, respectively. The rate of d-glucose utilization by oral bacteria at a physiological concentration of d-glucose in saliva (50μM) was estimated at 0.047±0.003 (n=11) nmol/min per 10(6) bacteria. Unstimulated salivary d-glucose turnover rate, as calculated from the amount of glucose secreted in saliva which comes from parotid and submandibular and sublingual glands represented 214.6±19.1%/min. In order for salivary d-glucose production to match bacterial utilization of the hexose, the total number of oral bacteria was estimated at about 2.0×10(9) bacteria, in fair agreement with previously published data. CONCLUSION This study thus provides support for a tentative model for d-glucose turnover in human saliva.